digestive system Flashcards
function of the digestive system
ingestion
secretion
mixing and propulsion
digestion
absorption
defecation
bolus
a soft, rounded mass of food that is swallowed
chyme
the semifluid mixture of partly digested food and digestive secretions found in the stomach and small intestine
feces/stool
material discharged from the rectum, made up of bacteria, excretions and food residue
alimentary canal
a hollow tube which runs from mouth to anus
four layers of the alimentary canal
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
where is serosa found in the Gi tract
everywhere but the oesophagus
oral vestibule
lips, cheeks, teeth, gingiva
oral cavity proper
teeth, gums, fauces
epithelium of the mucus membrane
stratified squamous epithelium
proper name for lips
labia
structure of the tongue
2 symmetrical halves divided by the median sulcus
muscles of the tongue and what they do
extrinsic-alter position of the tongue
intrinsic-changes shape and size of tongue
types of papillae in the tongue
fungiform-along the margins
vallate-posterior surface
foliate-sides of the tongue
filiform- anterior 2/3
what forms the joint and what type of joint which teeth make
periodontal ligament which forms a fibrous joint
gingiva
gum
3 regions of a tooth in descending order
crown
neck
root
enamel covers the top of the tooth
mineralized substances of teeth and the mineral layers
enamel covers the top of the tooth
dentin which is the inside of a tooth
cementum covers the root
what is found in the pulp cavity
where the nerves and blood vessels are found
what are baby and adult teeth called and how many are there
deciduous (20) and permanent (32)
types of teeth
incisors
canines
premolars
molars
three major salivary glands in the mouth
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
secretory part of salivary glands
acini binds sacs composed of secretory cells, produces secretions which drains to intercalated ducts then striated ducts and finally excretory ducts
would for swallowing
deglutition
three stages of swallowing
voluntary
pharyngeal
esophageal
function of the small intestine
absorption
parts of the small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
structures of the small intestine and what they are
plicae circulares-folded mucosa and submucosa
villi-finger like projections
microvilli-projections on the plasma membrane
how is blood removed from the small intestines
venous drainage through the superior mesenteric vein
specialisation of each part of the small intestine
large intestine function
absorption of water and inorganic ions to form fecal mass
what are the bands in the wall of the large intestine called and purpose
forms teniae coli which then gets pulled into the haustra to control the flow
greater and lesser omentum
both suspend the stomach and duodenum
greater suspends the upper and lesser supports the lower
four main parts of the stomach
cardia
fundus
body
pylorus
epithelium in the stomach
simple columnar epithelium
what is gastric juices
secretions from the mucous neck cells, chief cells and parietal cells
what movement does the stomach make
peristaltic movements
what is the fundus
storage area of the stomach
movement of the food out of the stomach
peristaltic wave moves contents into the pyloric antrum
pyloric sphincter slightly opens to allow small food through if too big it stays in the stomach longer
where does the stomach get its blood from
celiac trunk
inner surface thrown into numerous longitudinal folds
rugae
pancreas produces
acinar cells
function of the liver
metabolism
detoxification
bile
storage
phagocytosis
vitamin D activation
two surfaces of the liver
diaphragmatic and visceral surface
livers blood supply comes from
hepatic portal vein, deoxygenated blood from the intestines bring nutrients
proper hepatic artery which brings blood straight from the heart
what are liver lobules and where does both types of blood mix
functional unit of the liver
in the hepatic sinusoids
how and where is bile produced and stored
bile is produced in the hepatocytes in the liver it is then collected in the bile canaliculi, used or stored in the gall bladder
function of the gall bladder and its parts
stores bile
parts-fundus, body, neck
