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Anatomy 1001 > digestive system > Flashcards

digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

function of the digestive system

A

ingestion
secretion
mixing and propulsion
digestion
absorption
defecation

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2
Q

bolus

A

a soft, rounded mass of food that is swallowed

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3
Q

chyme

A

the semifluid mixture of partly digested food and digestive secretions found in the stomach and small intestine

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4
Q

feces/stool

A

material discharged from the rectum, made up of bacteria, excretions and food residue

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5
Q

alimentary canal

A

a hollow tube which runs from mouth to anus

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6
Q

four layers of the alimentary canal

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

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7
Q

where is serosa found in the Gi tract

A

everywhere but the oesophagus

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8
Q

oral vestibule

A

lips, cheeks, teeth, gingiva

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9
Q

oral cavity proper

A

teeth, gums, fauces

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10
Q

epithelium of the mucus membrane

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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11
Q

proper name for lips

A

labia

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12
Q

structure of the tongue

A

2 symmetrical halves divided by the median sulcus

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13
Q

muscles of the tongue and what they do

A

extrinsic-alter position of the tongue
intrinsic-changes shape and size of tongue

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14
Q

types of papillae in the tongue

A

fungiform-along the margins
vallate-posterior surface
foliate-sides of the tongue
filiform- anterior 2/3

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15
Q

what forms the joint and what type of joint which teeth make

A

periodontal ligament which forms a fibrous joint

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16
Q

gingiva

A

gum

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17
Q

3 regions of a tooth in descending order

A

crown
neck
root

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18
Q
A

enamel covers the top of the tooth

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19
Q

mineralized substances of teeth and the mineral layers

A

enamel covers the top of the tooth
dentin which is the inside of a tooth
cementum covers the root

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20
Q

what is found in the pulp cavity

A

where the nerves and blood vessels are found

21
Q

what are baby and adult teeth called and how many are there

A

deciduous (20) and permanent (32)

22
Q

types of teeth

A

incisors
canines
premolars
molars

23
Q

three major salivary glands in the mouth

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

24
Q

secretory part of salivary glands

A

acini binds sacs composed of secretory cells, produces secretions which drains to intercalated ducts then striated ducts and finally excretory ducts

25
Q

would for swallowing

A

deglutition

26
Q

three stages of swallowing

A

voluntary
pharyngeal
esophageal

27
Q

function of the small intestine

A

absorption

28
Q

parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

29
Q

structures of the small intestine and what they are

A

plicae circulares-folded mucosa and submucosa
villi-finger like projections
microvilli-projections on the plasma membrane

30
Q

how is blood removed from the small intestines

A

venous drainage through the superior mesenteric vein

31
Q

specialisation of each part of the small intestine

A
32
Q

large intestine function

A

absorption of water and inorganic ions to form fecal mass

33
Q

what are the bands in the wall of the large intestine called and purpose

A

forms teniae coli which then gets pulled into the haustra to control the flow

34
Q

greater and lesser omentum

A

both suspend the stomach and duodenum
greater suspends the upper and lesser supports the lower

35
Q

four main parts of the stomach

A

cardia
fundus
body
pylorus

36
Q

epithelium in the stomach

A

simple columnar epithelium

37
Q

what is gastric juices

A

secretions from the mucous neck cells, chief cells and parietal cells

38
Q

what movement does the stomach make

A

peristaltic movements

39
Q

what is the fundus

A

storage area of the stomach

40
Q

movement of the food out of the stomach

A

peristaltic wave moves contents into the pyloric antrum
pyloric sphincter slightly opens to allow small food through if too big it stays in the stomach longer

41
Q

where does the stomach get its blood from

A

celiac trunk

42
Q

inner surface thrown into numerous longitudinal folds

A

rugae

43
Q

pancreas produces

A

acinar cells

44
Q

function of the liver

A

metabolism
detoxification
bile
storage
phagocytosis
vitamin D activation

45
Q

two surfaces of the liver

A

diaphragmatic and visceral surface

46
Q

livers blood supply comes from

A

hepatic portal vein, deoxygenated blood from the intestines bring nutrients
proper hepatic artery which brings blood straight from the heart

47
Q

what are liver lobules and where does both types of blood mix

A

functional unit of the liver
in the hepatic sinusoids

48
Q

how and where is bile produced and stored

A

bile is produced in the hepatocytes in the liver it is then collected in the bile canaliculi, used or stored in the gall bladder

49
Q

function of the gall bladder and its parts

A

stores bile
parts-fundus, body, neck

Anatomy 1001 (19 decks)

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