cardiovascular system Flashcards
what are the four surfaces of the heart
the base
apex
anterior surface
inferior surface
layers of the heart
serous layer and the fibrous layer
what is the epicardium
visceral layer of the serous pericardium
what is the myocardium
95% of the cardiac muscle=muscular part
what is the endocardium
thin layer on the myocardium on the inside
what does the superior vena cava receive
deoxygenated blood from everything above the diaphragm
what is the fossa ovalis
oval shaped depression, which is suspected to be used to bypass the fetal lungs
what valve after the right atrium
tricuspid valve
what does the right ventricle do
pumps deoxygenated blood the lungs via the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary arteries
the tricuspid valve is connected to the
papillary muscle via the chordae tendineae
where does the left atrium recieve its blood
receives oxygenated blood from the four pulmonary veins
what is the valve that closes the left atrium
bicuspid valve
features of the left ventricle
thickest wall, hardest working chamber
what is the hole and pipe used in fetus to avoid blood going to the lungs and location
Foramen ovale- right atrium
ligamentum arteriosum- pulmonary artery to aorta
what are the valves of the heart connected by and what are the individual names
fibrous skeleton
left fibrous trigone
right fibrous trigone
conus tendon
what is the SA/sinoatrial node
pacemaker
what is the atrioventricular/AV node
wall of tissue which separates the left and right atria
what does the atrioventricular bundle allow
conduction from the atria to the venticles
what is the right and left bundle branches
separates the left and right ventricles of the heart
what are the purkinje fibres
specialised conductive cells
three blood vessels
arteries
capillaries
veins
what is the union that joins blood vessels
anastomose
anastomose
union that joins blood vessels
three types of arteries
elastic, muscular, arterioles
what do capillaries do
connects venules and arterioles
what is a continuous endothelium and what do they have+allow
most capillaries, have no fenestrae, allow pinocytosis
where is fenestrated endothelium located, what does it allow and what do they have
located in the small intestine sinusoids of the liver +more
allows extensive molecular exchange with blood
large fenestrae in the walls
how does blood return to the heart via the veins
uses skeletal muscle contraction to push the blood and valves to avoid back flow
what is a medical problem where blood struggles to return through the veins
varicose veins
parts of the aorta
ascending-right,left
arch
descending-thoracic, abdominal
subcategories of the arch of aorta
left,right-common carotid artery
subcategories of the arch of aorta and where they go
left,right-common carotid artery=goes to head
subclavian artery=goes under clavical
principle veins
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
what arteries does the head contain
what’s its overall name
internal carotid
vertebral
overall=cerebral arterial circle
arteries in the upper limb (5)
subclavian, axillary, brachial, radial and ulnar
arteries in the lower limb(6)
Right and left common iliac
external iliac
femoral
popliteal
anterior and posterior tibial
fibular
left and right coronary arteries
left-anterior interventricular, circumflex
right-posterior interventricular, marginal
coronary veins (4)
great
middle
small
anterior cardiac vein
