Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves Flashcards by Maiyah Lieferman

Twelve pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves with their ganglia make up the ________.

cauda equina

spinal cord

central nervous system

peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which is not a function of the spinal cord?

Multiple choice question.

Integrates incoming information

Produces responses through reflexes

Produces hormones

Links brain and peripheral nervous system

Produces hormones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In an adult, the spinal cord extends down the vertebral column to the level of which vertebrae?

Multiple choice question.

S4-S5

S1-S2

L4-L5

L1-L2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The number of spinal cord segments is Blank______ the number of spinal nerve pairs.

Multiple choice question.

more than

equal to

less than

equal to

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List the functions of the spinal cord.

Multiple select question.

It integrates incoming information.

It serves as the link between the brain and the PNS.

It produces responses through reflex mechanisms.

It senses stimuli from the environment.

It integrates incoming information.

It serves as the link between the brain and the PNS.

It produces responses through reflex mechanisms.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The conus medullaris is Blank______ to the filum terminale of the spinal cord.

Multiple choice question.

inferior

superior

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In an adult, the spinal cord begins at the Blank______ and ends at vertebrae Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

foramen magnum, S4-S5

foramen magnum, L1-L2

brainstem, S4-S5

foramen magnum, L1-L2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The spinal cord is divided into 4 segments; they are the _________, __________, lumbar, and the sacral.

cervical
thoracic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The spinal cord consists of Blank______ segments that each gives rise to a pair of spinal nerves.

Multiple choice question.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The PNS consists of _________ pair(s) of cranial nerves and
_________ pair of spinal nerves(s).

12 or twelve
31, thirty-one, or thirty one

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The _______ are connective tissue membranes that surround the spinal cord and brain, separating them from the bones that surround them.

Meninges

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

From superficial to deepest layer of the meninges: ______, ______, ______.

Dura
Arachnoid
Pia mater

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the regions of the spinal cord.

Multiple select question.

Thoracic

Inguinal

Cervical

Lumbar

Sacral

Thoracic

Cervical

Lumbar

Sacral

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of the denticulate ligaments?

Multiple choice question.

They produce the cerebrospinal fluid

To limit lateral movement of the spinal cord

To hold the vertebrae together

They divide the hemispheres of the brain

To limit lateral movement of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Place the events of a basic reflex arc in the order in which action potentials will pass through.

Motor neuron conducts action potential to an effector organ.

Synapse with an interneuron

Sensory neuron conducts action potential to the CNS.

Synapse with a motor neuron

Sensory receptor detects a stimulus.

Sensory receptor detects a stimulus.
Sensory neuron conducts action potential to the CNS.
Synapse with an interneuron
Synapse with a motor neuron
Motor neuron conducts action potential to an effector organ.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Polysynaptic reflexes are Blank______ complex than monosynaptic reflexes.

Multiple choice question.

less

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the structures found in the neuronal pathway of a monosynaptic reflex. hint 2

Multiple select question.

Motor neuron

Sensory neuron

Interneuron

Motor neuron

Sensory neuron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Place the events of a stretch reflex in chronological order.

Position 1 of 5 Alpha motor neuron conducts action potential to muscle. incorrect toggle button unavailable

Position 2 of 5 Muscle contracts and resists stretching. incorrect toggle button unavailable

Position 3 of 5 Sensory neurons conduct action potential to spinal cord. incorrect toggle button unavailable

Position 4 of 5 Muscle spindles detect stretch. incorrect toggle button unavailable

Position 5 of 5 Sensory neurons synapse with an alpha motor neuron. incorrect toggle button unavailable

Muscle spindles detect stretch
Sensory neurons conduct action potential to spinal cord
Sensory neurons synapse with an alpha motor neuron
Alpha motor neuron conducts action potential to muscle
Muscle contracts and resists stretching

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The ligaments that extend from the lateral sides of the spinal cord to dura mate are called _________ ligaments.

Denticulate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the reflex that is a complex pathway consisting of two or more interneurons between a sensory and motor neuron.

Multiple choice question.

Bisynaptic reflex

Polysynaptic reflex

Monosynaptic reflex

Polysynaptic reflex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inhibition of alpha motor neurons.

Muscle relaxation.

Golgi tendon organ detects intense tension applied to tendon.

Sensory neuron synapses with motor neuron.

Sensory neuron conducts action potential to spinal cord.

Inhibition of alpha motor neurons.

Muscle relaxation.

Golgi tendon organ detects intense tension applied to tendon.

Sensory neuron conducts action potential to spinal cord.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Interneurons Blank______ part of monosynaptic reflexes.

Multiple choice question.

are

are not

Name the structure that extends laterally from the spinal cord and attaches to the dura mater to limit the lateral movement of the spinal cord.

Multiple choice question.

Denticulate ligament

Filum terminale

Adipose tissue

Pia mater

Denticulate ligament

List the components of a reflex arc. Select all that apply.

Multiple select question.

Gray matter of brain

Sensory receptor

An effector organ

An interneuron

Sensory receptor

An effector organ

An interneuron

What type of reflex is also called the flexor reflex? Multiple choice question. Golgi tendon organ reflex Stretch reflex Withdrawal reflex

Withdrawal reflex

Place the events of a Golgi tendon reflex in chronological order. Position 1 of 6 Muscle relaxation. incorrect toggle button unavailable Position 2 of 6 Interneurons synapse with alpha motor neuron. incorrect toggle button unavailable Position 3 of 6 Sensory neuron synapses with inhibitory interneurons. correct toggle button unavailable Position 4 of 6 Inhibition of alpha motor neurons. incorrect toggle button unavailable Position 5 of 6 Golgi tendon organ detects intense tension applied to tendon. incorrect toggle button unavailable Position 6 of 6 Sensory neuron conducts action potential to spinal cord. incorrect toggle button unavailable

1. Golgi tendon organ detects intense tension applied to tendon 2. Sensory neuron conducts action potential to spinal cord 3. Sensory neuron synapses with inhibitory interneurons 4. Interneurons synapse with alpha motor neuron 5. Inhibition of alpha motor neuron 6. Muscle relaxation

A simple pathway in which a sensory synapases directly with a motor neuron is called a ________ reflex.

monosynaptic

Stretch reflexes are an example of Blank______ reflexes since they do not involve an interneuron.

monosynaptic

What is the function of the denticulate ligaments? To limit lateral movement of the spinal cord They divide the hemispheres of the brain To hold the vertebrae together They produce the cerebrospinal fluid

To limit lateral movement of the spinal cord

What type of reflex functions to remove a body part from a painful stimulus?

Withdrawal reflex

Place the events of a withdrawal reflex in chronological order. Position 1 of 6 Muscle contracts. incorrect toggle button unavailable Position 2 of 6 Excitatory interneuron synapses with an alpha motor neuron. incorrect toggle button unavailable Position 3 of 6 Pain receptors detect a painful stimulus. incorrect toggle button unavailable Position 4 of 6 Sensory neuron synapses with an excitatory interneuron. incorrect toggle button unavailable

1. Pain receptors detect a painful stimulus 2. Sensory neurons conduct action potentials to the spinal cord 3. Sensory neuron synapses with an excitatory interneuron 4. Excitatory interneuron synapses with an alpha motor neuron 5. Muscle contacts 6. A body part is withdrawn from the painful stimulus

Name the action that describes the concurrent relaxation of one muscle group when its opposing muscle group is involved in the stretch reflex. Multiple choice question. Reciprocal innervation Cross extensor innervation Dual innervation

Reciprocal innervation

Name the structure that extends laterally from the spinal cord and attaches to the dura mater to limit the lateral movement of the spinal cord. Multiple choice question. Adipose tissue Denticulate ligament Pia mater Filum terminale

Denticulate ligament

Identify the process that allows for contraction of extensor muscles while flexor muscles of an opposite limb contract. Multiple choice question. Stretch reflex Withdrawal reflex Crossed extensor reflex Reciprocal innervation

Crossed extensor reflex

What type of reflex is also called the flexor reflex?

Withdrawal reflex

An intermingling of nerves is called a(n) Blank______. ramus plexus root ganglion

plexus

In the withdrawal reflex, alpha motor neurons usually stimulate Blank______ muscles.

flexor

Identify the process that allows for relaxation of extensor muscles while opposing flexor muscles contract. Withdrawal reflex Reciprocal innervation Stretch reflex

Reciprocal innervation

The crossed extensor reflex prevents Blank______.

falls

Identify the process that allows for contraction of extensor muscles while flexor muscles of an opposite limb contract. Multiple choice question. Reciprocal innervation Crossed extensor reflex Stretch reflex Withdrawal reflex

Crossed extensor reflex

Match the nerve plexus with the spinal nerves that form each.

Cervical plexus ------ C1-C4 Brachial plexus ------ C5-T1 Lumbar plexus ------ L1-L4 Sacral plexus ------ L4-S4 Coccygeal plexus ------ S5-Co1

In the Golgi tendon reflex, the alpha neuron is Blank______. Multiple choice question. activated inhibited

inhibited

The muscles of the hyoid, skin of the neck, the posterior portion of the head and the diaphragm are innervated by the ________ plexus.

Cervical plexus

True or false: The radial and musculocutaneous nerves are major nerves of the brachial plexus. True false question. True False

True

Identify the function of crossed extensor reflex. Multiple choice question. Prevents damage to tendons and muscles caused by excessive tension Removes a body part from a painful stimulus Promotes extension of a limb,when an opposite limb is flexed Promotes relaxation of extensor muscles while opposing flexor muscles contract

Promotes extension of a limb,when an opposite limb is flexed

Ventral rami from spinal nerves C5-T1 form the _______ plexus.

Brachial plexus

Identify the structures innervated by the cervical plexus. Select all that apply. Multiple select question. Muscles of the hyoid Skin of the neck Upper limb Posterior portion of the head Diaphragm Skin of the face

Muscles of the hyoid Skin of the neck Posterior portion of the head Diaphragm

Identify the five major nerves of the brachial plexus. Multiple select question. Ulnar nerve Axillary nerve Sciatic nerve Radial nerve Obturator nerve Phrenic nerve Median nerve Musculocutaneous nerve

Ulnar nerve Axillary nerve Radial nerve Median nerve Musculocutaneous nerve

The obturator, femoral, tibial and common fibular nerves arise from the Blank______ plexus. Multiple choice question. coccygeal thoracic lumbosacral cervical

lumbosacral

Ventral rami from spinal nerves L1-L5 form the _______ plexus

Lumbar

The plexus that gives rise to the obturator nerve is the

plexus.

Superficial neck muscles are innervated by nerves of the Blank______ plexus. Multiple choice question. sacral cervical brachial lumbar

cervical

Identify the major nerves of the lumbosacral plexus. Select all that apply. Multiple select question. Brachial nerve Common fibular nerve Vertebral nerve Tibial nerve Obturator nerve Femoral nerve

Common fibular nerve Tibial nerve Obturator nerve Femoral nerve

The obturator, femoral, tibial and common fibular nerves arise from the Blank______ plexus. Multiple choice question. coccygeal cervical lumbosacral thoracic

lumbosacral