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Neurology > Spinal Cord and Root Dysfunction > Flashcards

Spinal Cord and Root Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

If there is a problem at the cervical level of the spinal cord, what is involved?

A

ARMS

-UMN if central

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2
Q

If there is a problem at the thoracic level of the spinal cord, what is involved?

A

Arms are not involved/minimally involved

-UMN if central

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3
Q

If there is a problem at the lumbar level of the spinal cord, what is involved?

A

LEGS

- NO UMN involvement

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4
Q

What is the ‘ASIA’ chart?

A

Describes a persons functional impairment as a result of their spinal cord damage

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5
Q

What kind of pain would be experience in a cervical disc prolapse?

A

Arm pain

Neck pain

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6
Q

Thoracic disc prolapses are common

A

FALSE - they are rare

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7
Q

What kind of pain would you get if you had a thoracic disc prolapse?

A

Thoracic

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8
Q

Describe a thoracic disc prolapse.

A

Usually central and causing a myelopathy

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9
Q

What kind of pain would someone with a lumbar disc prolapse experience?

A

Leg pain

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10
Q

Spinal claudication is usually intermittent

A

TRUE

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11
Q

When is spinal claudication worse?

A

On mobilising

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12
Q

When is spinal claudication better?

A

At ease or when bending forward

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13
Q

Where can pain from spinal claudication often be?

A

At the back of the thighs and calves

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14
Q

There is no altered sensation in spinal claudication

A

FALSE

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15
Q

What is spinal claudication?

A

A common symptom of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), causing impingement or inflammation of the nerves emanating from the spinal cord

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16
Q

Claudication can be?

A

Spinal or Vascular

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17
Q

Cauda equina should always be treated as an ________

A

EMERGENCY

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18
Q

What is critical in cauda equina syndrome?

A

TIME

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19
Q

What is the principle concern in cauda equina?

A

Urinary function

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20
Q

Describe the leg pain in cauda equina.

A

Usually bilateral

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21
Q

Describe the sensory loss in cauda equina.

A

Perianal sensory loss to a pin prick

22
Q

At what spinal cord level does cauda equina syndrome usually occur?

A

S2-S4

23
Q

What level of the spinal cord is cauda equina?

A

T12-L1

24
Q

What can cauda equina syndrome be defined as?

A

Painless urinary retention with urinary incontinence (overflow)

25
Q

What may men get with cauda equna?

A

Erectile dysfunction :(

26
Q

List all the RED FLAGS of spinal cord dysfunction.

A 
Bilateral leg pain
Thoracic back pain
Weight loss, night sweats, fever
Night pain
Sphincter disturbance
Perianal sensory loss
Age <20 or >55
History of carcinoma
Progressive neurological deficit
Trauma
Immunocompromise
27
Q

What is the colloquial phrase used to describe cervical myelopathy?

A

‘Numb, clumsy, hands’

28
Q

Cervical myelopathy is usually BILATERAL

A

TRUE - but one side may be more affected than the other

29
Q

Where do people with cervical myelopathy get paraesthesia?

A

Finger-tips

30
Q

What do people with cervical myelopathy have problems with?

A

Fine motor tasks

31
Q

What tests should be done in someone with suspected cervical myelopathy?

A

Hoffman’s and Lhermitte’s sign

32
Q

What are the risk factors for failed back syndrome?

A
  • BMI
  • Diabetes
  • Smoking
33
Q

What is failed back syndrome?

A

Chronic pain following back surgeries with recurrent and residual compression of the spinal cord
- nerve injury

34
Q

What 4 things can a patient get as a result of failed back syndrome?

A
  • Infection
  • Fibrosis
  • Arachnoiditis
  • Depression, anxiety
35
Q

What is syrinx?

A

A fluid filled cavity within the spinal cord

36
Q

Neck and back pain is often __________

A

DEGENERATIVE

37
Q

There is lots of benefits of surgery for people with neck/back pain

A

FALSE

38
Q

How should a patient with neck/back pain be managed?

A

Conservative - physio, analgesia

39
Q

What is tone like in an UMN problem?

A

Increased

40
Q

What is tone like in a LMN problem?

A

Decreased

41
Q

Is there atrophy in an UMN problem?

A

No - there may be some late on

42
Q

Is there atrophy in a LMN problem?

A

Yes - early

43
Q

Are there fasciculations in an UMN problem?

A

NO

44
Q

Are there fasciculations in a LMN problem?

A

YES

45
Q

What is a fasciculation?

A

A brief spontaneous contraction affecting a small number of muscle fibres, often causing a flicker of movement under the ski

46
Q

Describe reflexes in an UMN problem.

A

Brisk

47
Q

Describe reflexes in a LMN problem.

A

Decreased/absent

48
Q

Describe plantars in UMN problems.

A

Up-going

49
Q

Describe plantars in a LMN problem.

A

Down-going

50
Q

Describe clonus in UMN problems.

A

Present

51
Q

Describe clonus in LMN problems.

A

Absent

52
Q

What is clonus?

A

Muscular spasm involving repeated, often rhythmic, contractions.

Neurology (42 decks)

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