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Neurology > Anatomy of Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Anatomy of Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Each pair of spinal nerves supplies?

A

Everything in one segment of the body wall

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2
Q

Spinal nerve

A

Mixed

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3
Q

Rami

A

Mixed

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4
Q

Root

A

Sensory/Motor

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5
Q

Rootlet

A

Sensory/Motor

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6
Q

What is somatic sensory?

A

Sensation receptors in the body wall

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7
Q

What sort of things do somatic sensory receptors sense?

A 
Pain
Temperature
Vibration
Touch
Proprioception
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8
Q

What do somatic motor axons synapse with?

A

All the skeletal muscles of the body wall

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9
Q

Where are all sympathetic axons carried?

A

On spinal nerves

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10
Q

What do sympathetic axons control?

A

Glands and smooth muscle of arterioles

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11
Q

Describe spinal reflexes.

A

Segmental synapses between somatic motor and somatic sensory axons

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12
Q

There is no parasympathetics in the body wall

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Spinal reflex tests look at 2 things, what are they?

A

Dermatomes (sensory)

Myotomes (motor)

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14
Q

Dermatome

A

Area of skin supplied by one spinal nerve pair

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15
Q

Myotome

A

Skeletal muscle supplied by one spinal nerve pair

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16
Q

Name a common location of CVA.

A

Internal capsule

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17
Q

What does dermatome testing allow you to test?

A

Dorsal root
Dorsal rootlet
Spinal nerve

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18
Q

C1

A

No sensory components

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19
Q

C2

A

Back of scalp

Adam’s apple

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20
Q

C3

A

Back of neck

Jugular notch

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21
Q

C4

A

Clavicle

Shoulder tip

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22
Q

C5

A

Badge patch

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23
Q

C6

A

Thumb

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24
Q

C7

A

Middle finger

‘C seven points to heaven’

Middle finger is longest finger

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25
Q

C8

A

Little finger

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26
Q

T1

A

Medial forearm

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27
Q

T2

A

Medial arm

Sternal angle

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28
Q

T4

A

Male nipple

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29
Q

T10

A

Umbilicus

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30
Q

T12

A

Pubic symphysis

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31
Q

L1

A

Groin

‘Hands in pockets’

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32
Q

L2

A

Anterior thigh

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33
Q

L3

A

Anterior knee

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34
Q

L4

A

Medial malleolus

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35
Q

L5

A

Dorsum of foot

36
Q

S1

A

Heel

37
Q

S2

A

Posterior knee

38
Q

S3

A

Buttock

39
Q

S4

A

Perineum

40
Q

S5

A

Perianal skin

41
Q

What does posterior rami supply?

A

A strip of skin centrally down the back and posterior neck

42
Q

What anterior rami do not contribute to a plexus?

A

T2-T12

43
Q

What nerves supply the upper anterolateral chest wall?

A

Intercostal nerves

44
Q

What nerves supply the lower anterolateral chest wall?

A

Ilioinguinal

Iliohypogastric

45
Q

Anterior rami of T12 is?

A

Subcostal nerve

46
Q

Definition of a spinal nerve.

A

Contains axons originating from one spinal cord level

47
Q

Definition of a named nerve.

A

Contains axons originating from one or more spinal cord level, supplying a particular area

48
Q

What spinal cord level is the femoral nerve?

A

L2-L4

49
Q

The femoral nerve has spinal cord nerves from 3 segments. What does this mean?

A

The femoral nerve crosses 3 dermatomes

50
Q

How can the named nerves that supply the skin to the neck be remembered?

A

LITTLE - lesser occipital
GOATS - greater auricular nerve
TREAD - transverse cervical nerve
SOFTLY - supraclavicular nerve

51
Q

What is the posterior skin of the neck supplied by?

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves C2-C8

52
Q

What is the anterolateral neck skin supplied by?

A

Cervical plexus (C1-C4)

53
Q

Lesser occipital nerve

A

C2

Skin to posterior ear

54
Q

Greater auricular nerve

A

C2,C3

Skin over the angle of the mandible

55
Q

Transverse cervical nerve

A

C2,C3

Skin over anterior neck

56
Q

Supraclavicular nerve

A

C3,C4

Skin over clavicle and shoulder tip

57
Q

What is an important area in the upper limb, for referred pain from the myocardium? (give spinal cord levels)

A

T1 and T2 anterior rami

58
Q

What supplies cutaneous innervation to the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Cutaneous branches of the RADIAL nerve

59
Q

Axillary nerve

A

C5, C6

60
Q

Radial nerve

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

61
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

C7, C8, T1

62
Q

Median nerve

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

63
Q

Cutaneous branch of musculocutaneous nerve

A

C5, C6, C7

64
Q

Outline the series of events that occurs when a peripheral nerve is tested.

A
  1. Stimulation
  2. AP travels along axons of plexus
  3. AP continues to anterior rami
  4. AP reaches spinal nerve
  5. AP travels to posterior root
  6. AP travels to posterior rootlet
  7. AP reaches posterior horn of spinal cord
65
Q

C5 myotome tests what muscle? Explain the movement.

A

Deltoid

Shoulder abduction

66
Q

C6 myotome tests what muscle? Explain the movement

A

Biceps brachii

Elbow flexion

67
Q

C7 myotome tests what muscle? Explain the movement

A

Triceps brachii

Elbow extension

68
Q

C8 myotome tests what muscle? Explain the movement

A

Flexion digitorum superficialis

Finger flexion

69
Q

T1 myotome tests what muscle? Explain the movement

A

Dorsals interossei

Finger abduction

70
Q

L3 tests what muscle? Explain the movement

A

Quadriceps femoris

Knee extension

71
Q

L4 tests what muscle? Explain the movement

A

Tibialis anterior

Ankle dorsiflexion

72
Q

L5 tests what muscle? Explain the movement

A

Extensor hallucis longus

Great toe extension

73
Q

S1 tests what muscle? Explain the movement

A

Gastrocnemius

Ankle plantar flexion

74
Q

S2 tests what muscle? Explain the movement

A

Biceps femoris

Knee flexion

75
Q

Outline the stages that occur when the motor function of a peripheral nerve is tested.

A
  1. AP started voluntarily by 1y somatosensory cortex
  2. AP’s via UMN or corticospinal tract
  3. AP goes along axon of anterior horn
  4. UMN synapses with LMN
  5. AP travels along spinal neve
  6. AP goes along either anterior/posterior rami
  7. AP reaches NMJ of muscle
76
Q

What is a reflex?

A

An involuntary response to a stimuli

77
Q

When the patella tendon is tapped, what fibres are stretched?

A

Quadriceps fibres

78
Q

Cluneal nerves are the only ones that are always posterior rami

A

TRUE

79
Q

Outline the stages of the patella tap reflex.

A
  1. Tendon tapped
  2. Stretches quads fibres
  3. Muscle initiates AP’s in anterior rami of femoral nerve
  4. Sensory AP conducted to dorsal horn of L3
  5. Axons pass to anterior horn to LMN of quads
  6. AP via LMN of femoral nerve travel to quads
  7. Muscle contracts, knee extended
80
Q

UMN lesions are?

A

Spasticity

81
Q

LMN lesions are?

A

Flaccidity

82
Q

Biceps brachii

A

C5, C6

83
Q

Triceps brachii

A

C7

84
Q

Brachioradialis

A

C6

85
Q

Knee jerk

A

L3

86
Q

Ankle jerk

A

S1

87
Q

A footballer presents with a 2 month history of worsening ‘pins and needles’ in his left lateral upper thigh which has been getting worse and is not completely numb. What nerve is involved? Explain this.

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh L2,L3
Compression neuropathy of the right lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh by the inguinal ligament due to physiological muscle hypertrophy in an athlete
Footballers get this as they have good hip flexors which bulge and trap the nerve

Neurology (42 decks)

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