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Neurology > Overview of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Overview of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

PNS?

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves
+
31 pairs of spinal nerves and their branches

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3
Q

In development, what happens at 4 weeks?

A

Primary vesicles are developed

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4
Q

Name the primary vesicles of the brain.

A

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

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5
Q

At 6-8 weeks, what does the prosencephalon become?

A

Telencephalon
+
Diencephalon

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6
Q

At 6-8 weeks, what does the mesencephalon become?

A

Stays the same

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7
Q

At 6-8 weeks, what does the rhombencephalon become?

A

Metencephalon
+
Myelencephalon

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8
Q

The telencephalon becomes the?

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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9
Q

The diencephalon becomes the?

A

Thalamus
+
Hypothalamus

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10
Q

The mesencephalon becomes the?

A

Midbrain

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11
Q

The mesencephalon becomes the?

A

Pons
+
Cerebellum

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12
Q

The myelencephalon becomes the?

A

Medulla

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13
Q

The combinations of the midbrain, pons and medulla is known as?

A

Brainstem

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14
Q

‘Little brain’ is the….

A

Cerebellum

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15
Q

Name the 2 main cells types in the CNS.

A

Neurones

Glial cells

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16
Q

The ‘communicators’ are the glial cells?

A

FALSE

The neurones

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17
Q

Define the role of neurones.

A

They receive info via synapses, integrate the information then transmit electrical impulses to other cells

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18
Q

Neurones are …..polar with …. dendrites and … axon

A

Multipolar
Many dendrites
1 axon

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19
Q

In what direction do dendrites carry information?

A

To the neurone

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20
Q

In Greek, what does glial mean?

A

Glue

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21
Q

There are more neurones in the CNS than glial cells

A

FALSE

More glial cells

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22
Q

Name the 4 major types of glial cells.

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendroytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

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23
Q

Give the major feature of astrocytes.

A

They have many processes…like a star

Astro - think astronomy

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24
Q

What is not found in the CNS?

A

Connective tissue

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25
Q

Outline the function of astrocytes.

A

MAINTAIN THE BBB
Support
Homeostasis

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26
Q

What makes myelin in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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27
Q

What has numerous branches that extend to make myelin and a round nuclei?

A

Oligodendrocytes

28
Q

What are microglia similar to?

A

Macrophages

29
Q

What is the role of microglia?

A

Immune monitoring

Antigen presenting

30
Q

The brain has a very, very fast rate of lymphoid trafficking?

A

FALSE, it is very slow

31
Q

Describe the structure of microglia in resting state.

A

Elongated nucleus

Many short, spiny cell processes

32
Q

What happens to microglia when they are activated by a bacterial infection?

A

They become rounder and look more like a macrophage

33
Q

Describe ependymal cells.

A

Ciliated cuboidal/columnar epithelium that lines ventricles and makes CSF

34
Q

Sulcus

35
Q

Gyrus

36
Q

Grey matter in the brain is OUTER

37
Q

White matter in the brain is INNER

38
Q

What does grey matter contain?

A

Lots of neurones
Synapses
Supporting cells

39
Q

What does white matter form?

A

The medullary centre

40
Q

What does white matter contain?

A

Axons - and their myelin (this is why it is white)

Supporting cells

41
Q

What is found inside white matter?

A

More grey matter :(

42
Q

Describe white and grey matter in the spinal cord.

A

WHITE - OUT

GREY - IN ‘H’ shape

43
Q

Anterior horn is MOTOR?

44
Q

Posterior horn is SENSORY?

45
Q

Sylvian fissure?

A

Lateral fissure

46
Q

What does the central gyrus separate?

A

Motor and sensory parts of the brain

47
Q

What is the lentiform nucleus made from?

A

Putamen
+
Globus pallidus

48
Q

What is found between the parietal and occipital lobes?

A

Parietal-occipital gyrus

49
Q

What is the cingulate gyrus above?

A

Corpus callosum

50
Q

What is the 4th ventricle continuous with?

A

Spinal cord

51
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Anterior to the central sulus

Superior to the lateral sulcus

52
Q

What is the frontal lobe anterior to?

A

Anterior to a line drawn from the CENTRAL SULCUS down to the CORPUS CALLOSUM

53
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Posterior to central sulcus
Superior to lateral sulcus
Anterior from a line from the parietal-occipital sulcus to pre-occipital notch

54
Q

What is the occipital lobe posterior to?

A

A line from the parietal-occipital sulcus to pre-occipital notch

55
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Inferior to the lateral sulcus

Anterior to a line from the parietal-occipital sulcus to the pre-occipital notch

56
Q

Where is the insular lobe hidden?

A

In the lateral fissure

57
Q

What does the insular lobe play a role in?

58
Q

Medially, what does the temporal lobe extend from and to?

A

Extends from the temporal pole, to a line drawn between the preoccipital notch and the anterior end of the calcarine sulcus

59
Q

How many layers of meninges is there?

60
Q

Name the layers of meninges from superficial to deep.

A

Dura
Arachnoid
Pia

61
Q

What does blood from the brain drain into?

A

A system of dural venous sinuses

62
Q

What do the dural venous sinuses drain into?

A

Internal jugular vein

63
Q

Middle cerebral artery supplies?

A

Lateral of cerebrum

64
Q

Anterior cerebral artery supplies?

A

Medial of cerebrum

65
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

A broad band of nerve fibres joining the two hemispheres of the brain

Neurology (42 decks)

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