Spinal Cord and Reflexes Flashcards

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1
Q

What mediates and activates autonomic reflexes?

A

mediate - autonomic nervous system

activate - smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

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2
Q

What mediates and activates somatic reflexes?

A

Mediate - somatic nervous system

Activate - stimulation of skeletal muscle

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3
Q

What are the 3 steps of the monosynaptic reflex arc?

A

1) sensory input
2) information processing
3) motor output

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4
Q

What are the 5 components of the monosynaptic reflex arc?

A

1) receptor
2) sensory neurone to CNS
3) interpretation centre
4) motor neurone away from CNS
5) Effector muscle contracts or gland secretes

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5
Q

What are the epineurium, perineurium and endoneurium?

A

epineurium surrounds whole peripheral nerve
perineurium surrounds bundles within
endoneurium surrounds individual nerves

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6
Q

What is a polysynaptic reflex?

A

More than one synapse which makes it slower

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7
Q

5 steps in the muscle spindle reflex?

A

1) extrafusal muscle fibres at resting length
2) sensory neurons are tonically active
3) spinal cord integrates function
4) alpha motor neurons to extrafusal fibres receive tonic input from muscle spindles
5) extrafusal fibres maintain a certain level of tension even at rest

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8
Q

What are the 4 stages in alpha gamma coactivation?

A

1) afferent input from sensory endings of muscle spindle fibre
2) alpha motor neuron output to regulate skeletal muscle fibre
3) gamma motor neuron output to contractile portions of spinel fibre
4) descending pathways coactivate alpha and gamma motor neurons

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9
Q

What is the cross cord reflex?

A

this is where the contralateral limb compensates for loss of support when the ipsilateral limb withdraws from a painful stimulus in a withdrawal reflex

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10
Q

What is ipsilateral?

A

reflex occurs on the same side of the body as the stimulus

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11
Q

What is contralateral?

A

reflex occurs on the opposite side of the body from the stimulus

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12
Q

What are central pattern generators?

A

They are neural circuits which produce rhythmic outputs in the absence of rhythmic input

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13
Q

What are Renshaw cells?

A

They are inhibitory interneurons found in the grey matter of the spinal cord and are associated in two ways with an alpha motor neuron
it can block the neurone from being further excited

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14
Q

What are the two pyramidals involved in descending control?

A

Corticospinal and corticobulbar

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15
Q

What are the 4 extrapyramidals involved in descending control?

A

Vestibulospinal (Vestibular nucleus, lateral VS, medial VS)

tectospinal, reticulospinal and rubrospinal

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16
Q

Why are pressure receptors important?

A

They maintain posture

17
Q

What do cerebellar reflexes do?

A

They integrate sensory information and coordinate complex movements to maintain posture