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Biology Finals > Spinal Cord And Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal Cord And Nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary function of the spinal cord?

A

To transmit signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

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2
Q

True or False: The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system.

A

True

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3
Q

What are the two main types of spinal nerves?

A

Cervical and lumbar spinal nerves.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The spinal cord is protected by the _____ vertebrae.

A

vertebral

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5
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the human body?

A

31 pairs

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6
Q

What is the term for the lower tapered end of the spinal cord?

A

Conus medullaris

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7
Q

Which part of the spinal cord is responsible for reflex actions?

A

The spinal reflex arc

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8
Q

Name the three protective membranes that surround the spinal cord.

A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

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9
Q

What is the role of the dorsal root of a spinal nerve?

A

To carry sensory information to the spinal cord.

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10
Q

True or False: The spinal cord extends from the base of the skull to the lumbar region.

A

True

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11
Q

What is the function of the ventral root of a spinal nerve?

A

To carry motor commands from the spinal cord to the muscles.

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12
Q

Which type of neuron transmits sensory information?

A

Afferent neurons

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13
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

A bundle of spinal nerves and nerve roots located below the conus medullaris.

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14
Q

What is the significance of the cervical enlargement?

A

It supplies nerves to the upper limbs.

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15
Q

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

A

8 cervical spinal nerves

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the outermost layer of the meninges.

A

dura mater

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17
Q

Which spinal cord segment is associated with the lower limbs?

A

Lumbar and sacral segments

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18
Q

What is the central canal of the spinal cord filled with?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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19
Q

True or False: The spinal cord is responsible for voluntary movements only.

A

False

20
Q

What is the difference between gray matter and white matter in the spinal cord?

A

Gray matter contains neuron cell bodies, while white matter contains myelinated axons.

21
Q

What is the role of the intervertebral discs?

A

To provide cushioning and support between vertebrae.

22
Q

How does the spinal cord communicate with peripheral nerves?

A

Through spinal nerves that branch off from the spinal cord.

23
Q

What is the function of the spinal reflex?

A

To allow for quick responses to stimuli without direct involvement of the brain.

24
Q

Which spinal nerves are associated with the brachial plexus?

A

C5 to T1 spinal nerves

25
Q

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system in relation to the spinal cord?

A

It prepares the body for ‘fight or flight’ responses.

26
Q

What does the term ‘dermatome’ refer to?

A

An area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve root.

27
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ reflex is a protective reflex that withdraws a limb from a painful stimulus.

A

withdrawal

28
Q

What is the primary neurotransmitter used in motor neuron communication?

A

Acetylcholine

29
Q

How many thoracic spinal nerves are there?

A

12 thoracic spinal nerves

30
Q

True or False: The spinal cord continues to grow in length throughout adulthood.

A

False

31
Q

What does the term ‘spinal tap’ refer to?

A

A procedure to collect cerebrospinal fluid from the spinal canal.

32
Q

Which part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for voluntary muscle movement?

A

Somatic nervous system

33
Q

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?

A

To regulate involuntary bodily functions.

34
Q

What are the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

35
Q

Fill in the blank: The spinal cord is approximately _____ cm long in adults.

A

45

36
Q

What is the function of the cerebrospinal fluid?

A

To cushion and protect the brain and spinal cord.

37
Q

What is the role of the lumbar plexus?

A

To supply nerves to the lower abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs.

38
Q

True or False: The spinal cord does not have the ability to regenerate after injury.

A

True

39
Q

What is the primary purpose of spinal reflexes?

A

To enable quick responses to stimuli.

40
Q

How many sacral spinal nerves are there?

A

5 sacral spinal nerves

41
Q

What is the significance of the thoracic enlargement?

A

It supplies nerves to the trunk and upper limbs.

42
Q

What is the anatomical term for the ‘neck’ region of the spinal cord?

A

Cervical region

43
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the part of the spinal cord that contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons.

A

dorsal root ganglion

44
Q

What is the role of the spinal cord in homeostasis?

A

To coordinate and regulate bodily functions.

45
Q

True or False: Each spinal nerve contains both sensory and motor fibers.

A

True

Biology Finals (9 decks)

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