Nervous tissue Flashcards
What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?
Neuron
True or False: Glial cells are responsible for transmitting nerve impulses.
False
Fill in the blank: The part of the neuron that receives signals is called the ______.
dendrite
What is the myelin sheath primarily made of?
Lipids
Which type of glial cell is responsible for the formation of myelin in the central nervous system?
Oligodendrocytes
What is the role of astrocytes in the nervous system?
They provide structural support and regulate the extracellular environment.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of neuron? A) Sensory B) Interneuron C) Epithelial D) Motor
C) Epithelial
What is the term for the junction between two neurons?
Synapse
True or False: Action potentials can travel backward along an axon.
False
Fill in the blank: The gap between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another is called the ______.
synaptic cleft
What neurotransmitter is primarily involved in muscle contraction?
Acetylcholine
Which part of the neuron conducts impulses away from the cell body?
Axon
What is the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?
-70 mV
Multiple choice: Which type of glial cell is known for engulfing pathogens and debris? A) Microglia B) Astrocytes C) Ependymal cells D) Oligodendrocytes
A) Microglia
What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?
To maintain the resting membrane potential by moving Na+ out and K+ into the cell.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of the neuron that contains the nucleus.
cell body
True or False: The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord.
True
What is the primary role of the peripheral nervous system?
To connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
Multiple choice: Which glial cell lines the ventricles of the brain? A) Astrocytes B) Ependymal cells C) Microglia D) Schwann cells
B) Ependymal cells
What is the function of Schwann cells?
To produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system.
Fill in the blank: Neurotransmitters are released from the ______ of a neuron.
axon terminals
What is the role of the blood-brain barrier?
To protect the brain from harmful substances in the blood.
True or False: All neurons are capable of regeneration after injury.
False
What is the term for the increase in the strength of a stimulus that leads to an action potential?
Threshold
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a type of sensory neuron? A) Afferent B) Efferent C) Interneuron D) Motor
A) Afferent
Fill in the blank: The ______ nervous system controls involuntary bodily functions.
autonomic
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
True or False: The axon hillock is where action potentials are typically initiated.
True
What is a reflex arc?
A neural pathway that controls a reflex action.
Multiple choice: Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood regulation? A) Glutamate B) Serotonin C) GABA D) Dopamine
B) Serotonin
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher cognitive functions.
cerebrum
What is the function of the cerebellum?
To coordinate voluntary movements and maintain balance.
True or False: The hypothalamus regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst.
True
What is the role of the thalamus?
To relay sensory information to the appropriate areas of the brain.
Multiple choice: Which part of the brain is responsible for breathing regulation? A) Cerebellum B) Medulla oblongata C) Pons D) Corpus callosum
B) Medulla oblongata
Fill in the blank: The ______ lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information.
occipital
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
To control reasoning, planning, and voluntary motor activity.
True or False: The limbic system is involved in emotion and memory.
True
What type of glial cell produces cerebrospinal fluid?
Ependymal cells
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a major neurotransmitter in the central nervous system? A) Acetylcholine B) Norepinephrine C) Epinephrine D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of the brain that connects the two hemispheres.
corpus callosum
What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?
To carry signals between the central nervous system and the rest of the body.
True or False: Neurons can communicate through both electrical and chemical signals.
True
What is the term for a neuron that carries impulses toward the central nervous system?
Afferent neuron
Multiple choice: Which neurotransmitter is known as the ‘feel-good’ neurotransmitter? A) Serotonin B) Dopamine C) Norepinephrine D) GABA
B) Dopamine
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the outer layer of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions.
cerebral cortex
What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system?
To control involuntary bodily functions.
True or False: Schwann cells can only myelinate one axon at a time.
True
