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Biology Finals > Nervous tissue > Flashcards

Nervous tissue Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?

A

Neuron

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2
Q

True or False: Glial cells are responsible for transmitting nerve impulses.

A

False

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The part of the neuron that receives signals is called the ______.

A

dendrite

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4
Q

What is the myelin sheath primarily made of?

A

Lipids

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5
Q

Which type of glial cell is responsible for the formation of myelin in the central nervous system?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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6
Q

What is the role of astrocytes in the nervous system?

A

They provide structural support and regulate the extracellular environment.

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7
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of neuron? A) Sensory B) Interneuron C) Epithelial D) Motor

A

C) Epithelial

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8
Q

What is the term for the junction between two neurons?

A

Synapse

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9
Q

True or False: Action potentials can travel backward along an axon.

A

False

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The gap between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another is called the ______.

A

synaptic cleft

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11
Q

What neurotransmitter is primarily involved in muscle contraction?

A

Acetylcholine

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12
Q

Which part of the neuron conducts impulses away from the cell body?

A

Axon

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13
Q

What is the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?

A

-70 mV

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14
Q

Multiple choice: Which type of glial cell is known for engulfing pathogens and debris? A) Microglia B) Astrocytes C) Ependymal cells D) Oligodendrocytes

A

A) Microglia

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15
Q

What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?

A

To maintain the resting membrane potential by moving Na+ out and K+ into the cell.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of the neuron that contains the nucleus.

A

cell body

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17
Q

True or False: The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord.

A

True

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18
Q

What is the primary role of the peripheral nervous system?

A

To connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

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19
Q

Multiple choice: Which glial cell lines the ventricles of the brain? A) Astrocytes B) Ependymal cells C) Microglia D) Schwann cells

A

B) Ependymal cells

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20
Q

What is the function of Schwann cells?

A

To produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system.

21
Q

Fill in the blank: Neurotransmitters are released from the ______ of a neuron.

A

axon terminals

22
Q

What is the role of the blood-brain barrier?

A

To protect the brain from harmful substances in the blood.

23
Q

True or False: All neurons are capable of regeneration after injury.

A

False

24
Q

What is the term for the increase in the strength of a stimulus that leads to an action potential?

A

Threshold

25
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a type of sensory neuron? A) Afferent B) Efferent C) Interneuron D) Motor

A

A) Afferent

26
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ nervous system controls involuntary bodily functions.

A

autonomic

27
Q

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

28
Q

True or False: The axon hillock is where action potentials are typically initiated.

A

True

29
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

A neural pathway that controls a reflex action.

30
Q

Multiple choice: Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood regulation? A) Glutamate B) Serotonin C) GABA D) Dopamine

A

B) Serotonin

31
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher cognitive functions.

A

cerebrum

32
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

To coordinate voluntary movements and maintain balance.

33
Q

True or False: The hypothalamus regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst.

A

True

34
Q

What is the role of the thalamus?

A

To relay sensory information to the appropriate areas of the brain.

35
Q

Multiple choice: Which part of the brain is responsible for breathing regulation? A) Cerebellum B) Medulla oblongata C) Pons D) Corpus callosum

A

B) Medulla oblongata

36
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information.

A

occipital

37
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

To control reasoning, planning, and voluntary motor activity.

38
Q

True or False: The limbic system is involved in emotion and memory.

A

True

39
Q

What type of glial cell produces cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Ependymal cells

40
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a major neurotransmitter in the central nervous system? A) Acetylcholine B) Norepinephrine C) Epinephrine D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

41
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of the brain that connects the two hemispheres.

A

corpus callosum

42
Q

What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?

A

To carry signals between the central nervous system and the rest of the body.

43
Q

True or False: Neurons can communicate through both electrical and chemical signals.

A

True

44
Q

What is the term for a neuron that carries impulses toward the central nervous system?

A

Afferent neuron

45
Q

Multiple choice: Which neurotransmitter is known as the ‘feel-good’ neurotransmitter? A) Serotonin B) Dopamine C) Norepinephrine D) GABA

A

B) Dopamine

46
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the outer layer of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions.

A

cerebral cortex

47
Q

What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system?

A

To control involuntary bodily functions.

48
Q

True or False: Schwann cells can only myelinate one axon at a time.

A

True

Biology Finals (9 decks)

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