Cells Of Nervous System Flashcards
What are the two main types of cells in the nervous system?
Neurons and glial cells.
True or False: Neurons are responsible for transmitting electrical signals.
True.
Fill in the blank: The primary function of _____ is to support and protect neurons.
glial cells.
What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?
Neuron.
What are the three main parts of a neuron?
Dendrites, cell body (soma), and axon.
Multiple Choice: Which type of glial cell is responsible for forming myelin in the central nervous system? A) Astrocytes B) Oligodendrocytes C) Microglia D) Ependymal cells
B) Oligodendrocytes.
What is the role of astrocytes in the nervous system?
To provide structural support, regulate blood flow, and maintain the blood-brain barrier.
True or False: Microglia are the immune cells of the central nervous system.
True.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the part of the neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body.
axon.
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
To insulate axons and increase the speed of electrical impulses.
Multiple Choice: Which glial cell type is involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid? A) Astrocytes B) Oligodendrocytes C) Ependymal cells D) Microglia
C) Ependymal cells.
What is the term for the gaps between myelin sheaths along an axon?
Nodes of Ranvier.
True or False: Neurons can regenerate after injury.
False (generally, neurons have limited capacity for regeneration).
Fill in the blank: The _____ neuron carries signals towards the central nervous system.
sensory.
What type of neuron carries signals away from the central nervous system?
Motor neuron.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of glial cell? A) Schwann cells B) Oligodendrocytes C) Neurons D) Astrocytes
C) Neurons.
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
True or False: Dendrites receive signals from other neurons.
True.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the part of the neuron that integrates incoming signals.
cell body (soma).
What is the primary role of Schwann cells?
To form myelin in the peripheral nervous system.
Multiple Choice: Which type of glial cell helps repair damaged neurons? A) Astrocytes B) Microglia C) Oligodendrocytes D) Both A and B
D) Both A and B.
What is the primary function of ependymal cells?
To line the ventricles of the brain and produce cerebrospinal fluid.
True or False: The blood-brain barrier prevents most substances from entering the brain.
True.
Fill in the blank: _____ transmit information across synapses.
Neurotransmitters.
What is the role of neurotransmitters?
To transmit signals between neurons at synapses.
Multiple Choice: Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in muscle contraction? A) Serotonin B) Dopamine C) Acetylcholine D) Norepinephrine
C) Acetylcholine.
What is the function of the synaptic cleft?
To serve as the gap between neurons where neurotransmitters are released.
True or False: All neurons have the same shape and size.
False.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the electrical signal that travels along the axon.
action potential.
What is the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?
-70 mV (millivolts).
Multiple Choice: What ion is primarily responsible for depolarization during an action potential? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Calcium D) Chloride
A) Sodium.
What is the main role of potassium ions during repolarization?
To exit the neuron, restoring the negative membrane potential.
True or False: Glial cells outnumber neurons in the nervous system.
True.
Fill in the blank: The _____ nervous system controls voluntary movements.
somatic.
What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?
To regulate involuntary bodily functions.
Multiple Choice: Which part of the neuron releases neurotransmitters? A) Dendrites B) Axon terminals C) Cell body D) Myelin sheath
B) Axon terminals.
