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Biology Finals > Cells Of Nervous System > Flashcards

Cells Of Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two main types of cells in the nervous system?

A

Neurons and glial cells.

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2
Q

True or False: Neurons are responsible for transmitting electrical signals.

A

True.

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary function of _____ is to support and protect neurons.

A

glial cells.

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4
Q

What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?

A

Neuron.

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5
Q

What are the three main parts of a neuron?

A

Dendrites, cell body (soma), and axon.

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of glial cell is responsible for forming myelin in the central nervous system? A) Astrocytes B) Oligodendrocytes C) Microglia D) Ependymal cells

A

B) Oligodendrocytes.

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7
Q

What is the role of astrocytes in the nervous system?

A

To provide structural support, regulate blood flow, and maintain the blood-brain barrier.

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8
Q

True or False: Microglia are the immune cells of the central nervous system.

A

True.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the part of the neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body.

A

axon.

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10
Q

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

A

To insulate axons and increase the speed of electrical impulses.

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11
Q

Multiple Choice: Which glial cell type is involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid? A) Astrocytes B) Oligodendrocytes C) Ependymal cells D) Microglia

A

C) Ependymal cells.

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12
Q

What is the term for the gaps between myelin sheaths along an axon?

A

Nodes of Ranvier.

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13
Q

True or False: Neurons can regenerate after injury.

A

False (generally, neurons have limited capacity for regeneration).

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ neuron carries signals towards the central nervous system.

A

sensory.

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15
Q

What type of neuron carries signals away from the central nervous system?

A

Motor neuron.

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16
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of glial cell? A) Schwann cells B) Oligodendrocytes C) Neurons D) Astrocytes

A

C) Neurons.

17
Q

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).

18
Q

True or False: Dendrites receive signals from other neurons.

A

True.

19
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the part of the neuron that integrates incoming signals.

A

cell body (soma).

20
Q

What is the primary role of Schwann cells?

A

To form myelin in the peripheral nervous system.

21
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of glial cell helps repair damaged neurons? A) Astrocytes B) Microglia C) Oligodendrocytes D) Both A and B

A

D) Both A and B.

22
Q

What is the primary function of ependymal cells?

A

To line the ventricles of the brain and produce cerebrospinal fluid.

23
Q

True or False: The blood-brain barrier prevents most substances from entering the brain.

A

True.

24
Q

Fill in the blank: _____ transmit information across synapses.

A

Neurotransmitters.

25
Q

What is the role of neurotransmitters?

A

To transmit signals between neurons at synapses.

26
Q

Multiple Choice: Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in muscle contraction? A) Serotonin B) Dopamine C) Acetylcholine D) Norepinephrine

A

C) Acetylcholine.

27
Q

What is the function of the synaptic cleft?

A

To serve as the gap between neurons where neurotransmitters are released.

28
Q

True or False: All neurons have the same shape and size.

A

False.

29
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the electrical signal that travels along the axon.

A

action potential.

30
Q

What is the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?

A

-70 mV (millivolts).

31
Q

Multiple Choice: What ion is primarily responsible for depolarization during an action potential? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Calcium D) Chloride

A

A) Sodium.

32
Q

What is the main role of potassium ions during repolarization?

A

To exit the neuron, restoring the negative membrane potential.

33
Q

True or False: Glial cells outnumber neurons in the nervous system.

A

True.

34
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ nervous system controls voluntary movements.

A

somatic.

35
Q

What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

A

To regulate involuntary bodily functions.

36
Q

Multiple Choice: Which part of the neuron releases neurotransmitters? A) Dendrites B) Axon terminals C) Cell body D) Myelin sheath

A

B) Axon terminals.

Biology Finals (9 decks)

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