Spinal Cord Anatomy and Receptors

Question 1

How many spinal nerves are and how many are in each section?

Answer 1

31 pairs

8 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
1 Coccygeal

Question 2

What are afferent nerves?

Answer 2

Carry sensory signals to the brain

Question 3

What are efferent nerves?

Answer 3

Carry motor signals to the muscles

Question 4

What are the components of the somites?

Answer 4

Dermatome - Skin
Myotome - Muscle
Sclerotome - Skeleton

Question 5

What is the C2 dermatome?

Answer 5

Back of head

Question 6

What is the C6 dermatome?

Answer 6

Thumb and index finger

Question 7

What is the T4 dermatome?

Answer 7

Nipples

Question 8

What is the T10 dermatome?

Answer 8

Umbilicus

Question 9

What is the L3 dermatome?

Answer 9

Kneecap

Question 10

What is the S1 dermatome?

Answer 10

Lateral foot

Question 11

What hole do the vertebral arteries go through?

Answer 11

Transverse Foramen

Question 12

What comes in the posterior lateral sulcus?

Answer 12

The dorsal root (afferent)

Question 13

What two bundles does the posterior intermediate sulcus separate?

Answer 13

Dorsal Funiculus

Question 14

What is deep to the anterior median fissure?

Answer 14

Anterior Spinal Artery

Question 15

What comes out the anterior lateral sulcus?

Answer 15

The ventral root (efferent)

Question 16

What is the largest commissure in the brain?

Answer 16

Corpus Callosum

Question 17

What is the posterior horn also called?

Answer 17

Dorsal Horn

Question 18

What is the anterior horn also called?

Answer 18

Ventral Horn

Question 19

What is the most important structure in the intermediate gray area?

Answer 19

Lateral Horn/IML

Question 20

What muscle in the head and next is not innervated by the SVE group?

Answer 20

Muscles of the eye and the tongue.

Done by CN III, IV, VI and XII

Question 21

What is the function of the alar plate?

Answer 21

Sensory

Question 22

What is the function of the basal plate?

Answer 22

Motor

Question 23

What is GSA?

Answer 23

General pain and sensation

Question 24

What is GVA?

Answer 24

Internal gut pain and sensation

Question 25

Where is the substantia gelatinosa and its function?

Answer 25

It is in the dorsal horn and its function is as a gateway for pain and it works with the adaptation to pain.

Question 26

What is the nucleus propius and where is it located?

Answer 26

It is apart of the spinothalamic tract, main tract relaying pain, and it is in the dorsal horn.

Question 27

What is the nucleus dorsalis and where is it located?

Answer 27

It is also known as Clark's nucleus and it is found in the intermediate gray area from C8 to L3 and it relays information about the position of muscles to the cerebellum as the spinocerebellar tract.

Question 28

What is the intermediolateral nucleus and where is it located?

Answer 28

It is the IML and it is located in the intermediate gray area at the level of T1 to L3 and serves mainly GVE functions (autonomics).

Question 29

What is the intermediomedial nucleus and where is it located?

Answer 29

It is the IMM and it is in the IG area at all levels and it receives GVA signals

Question 30

What are the nuclei located in the anterior horn?

Answer 30

Medial and Lateral Motor Nuclei

Question 31

What are some things controlled by the medial motor nuclei?

Answer 31

Shoulder

Question 32

What are some things controlled by the lateral motor nuclei?

Answer 32

Fingers

Question 33

What vertebrae spinal level has the most gray matter?

Answer 33

S2

Question 34

What spinal levels have the least gray matter?

Answer 34

C2 and T10 (look very similar)

Question 35

What is SVA?

Answer 35

Taste and smell

Question 36

What is SSA?

Answer 36

Hearing, vision and balance

Question 37

What type of receptor is Merkel's Disk?

Answer 37

Touch for the distal extremities and the genitalia. Slow adapting

Question 38

What type of receptor is Meissner's Corpuscle?

Answer 38

Allow for 2 point discrimination Rapidly adapting

Question 39

What type of receptor is Pacinian Corpuscle?

Answer 39

Afferent nerve bundles that resembles onions

Question 40

What receptor relays stretching information?

Answer 40

Neuromuscular Spindle

Question 41

What receptor relays tension information?

Answer 41

Golgi Tendon Organ

Question 42

What kinds of receptors are capsulated?

Answer 42

Free Nerve Endings Merkel's Disk Hair Follicles

Question 43

Describe the lateral division of the dorsal root afferens.

Answer 43

Thinly myelinated and it detects mainly pain and temperature

Question 44

Describe the medial division of the dorsal root afferens.

Answer 44

Heavily myelinated and it detects the 2-point touch, limb position and muscle stretch

Question 45

What are the corresponding nerves of the cervical enlargement?

Answer 45

C5-T1 Brachial Plexus

Question 46

What are the corresponding nerves of the lumbosacral enlargement?

Answer 46

L1-S2-S3 Lumbosacral Plexus