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Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

Superior boundary of spinal cord

A

Foramen Magnum

Superior most ventral rootlet of C1

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2
Q

Inferior boundary of spinal cord

A

Disc between L1 and L2

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3
Q

Cervical nerves are named for

A

Bone below

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4
Q

C8 exits at

A

IVF between C7 and T1

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5
Q

C1 exits between

A

Occipital and atlas

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6
Q

Thoracic nerves are named for

A

Bone above

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7
Q

T12 exits at

A

T12 and L1

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8
Q

S1 though S4 nerves exit

A

Dorsal and ventral sacral foramina

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9
Q

S5 exits at

A

Sacral hiatus

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10
Q

Co1 exits at

A

Sacral hiatus

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11
Q

Co1 cord level is found where in adulthood

A

L1 and L2 Disc

Conus medullaris

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12
Q

Roots of lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves run below cord down

A

Lumbar cistern

Cauda equina

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13
Q

Lateral horn location

A

T1-L2/L3

S2-S4

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14
Q

Dorsal horn

A

Sensory reception

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15
Q

Lateral horn

A

Cell bodies of preganglionic autonomic neurons

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16
Q

Anterior horn

A

Motor function

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17
Q

Funiculi

A

Column of white matter (no specific function)

Carry info both up and down cord

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18
Q

Fasciculi

A

White matter tract with specific function

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19
Q

NCAM’s (nerve cell adhesion molecules)

A

Surface proteins that help fasciculi fibers associate with each other during development

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20
Q

Function of gracilis and cuneatus

A

Two point touch discrimination
Vibratory sensation
Kinesthetic sensation

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21
Q

Lateral spinothalamic tract carries

A

Pain/temperature

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22
Q

Anterior spinothalamic tract carries

A

Light touch/ pressure

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23
Q

Fibers of the spinothalamic tracts terminate in

A

VPL of the thalamus

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24
Q

Anterior spinocerebellar tract carries

A

Gross movements of lower body

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25
Q

Posterior spinocerebellar tract carries

A

Fine movements

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26
Q

Anterior corticospinal tract influences

A

Axial musculature of neck and shoulders

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27
Q

Lateral corticospinal tract function

A

Initiating and accomplishing precise skilled voluntary muscle movements

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28
Q

Corticospinal fibers synapse with neurons in ___, which then synapse in ___

A

Lamina VII

Lamina IX

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29
Q

____ cells from precentral gyrus of frontal lobe synapse directly on lamina IX

A

Giant pyramidal (Betz) cells

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30
Q

Lower motor neurons

A

Originate in spinal cord or brain stem and extend fibers to PNS to innervate somatic muscles

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31
Q

Upper motor neurons

A

Neurons from higher brain centers that influence LMN

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32
Q

UMN Lesions

A

Reduction or absence in voluntary movement
Hyperreflexia
Increase muscle tone

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33
Q

LMN lesions

A

Reduction or absence of voluntary movement
Hyporeflexia
Decreased muscle tone and atrophy

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34
Q

Pyramidal Neurons

A

UMN involved with initiation of skilled voluntary movements

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35
Q

Extrapyramidal neurons

A

UMN that originate in brain stem and extend down cord

Subconsciously influence posture, muscle tone, enhance reflexes

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36
Q

3 example of Extrapyramidal fibers in tracts

A
  1. Tectospinal tract
  2. Rubrospinal tract
  3. Vestibulospinal tract
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37
Q

Origin of tectospinal tract

A

Superior colliculus of tectum

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38
Q

Tectospinal tract fibers terminate in

A

C4-C5

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39
Q

Function of tectospinal tract

A

XI cranial nerve
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid

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40
Q

Origin of rubrospinal tract

A

Red nucleus of tegmentum

41
Q

Fibers of rubrospinal tract cross in

42
Q

Rubrospinal fibers influence

A

Flexor musculature

Inhibit extensors

43
Q

Vestibulospinal tract originates

A

Lateral part of vestibular nucleus in medulla Oblongata (Deiters’ nucleus)

44
Q

___ fibers do not cross

A

Vestibulospinal

45
Q

Function of vestibulospinal tract

A

Ipsilateral extensor musculature

Proper orientation when falling

46
Q

Reticulospinal tract function

A

Closely associated with Autonomic NS

Heat, BP, respiratory rate

47
Q

Medial reticulospinal tract origin

A

Pons Tegmentum

48
Q

Lateral Reticulospinal tract origin

A

Medulla Oblongata

49
Q

___ are the first fibers to be myelinated in fetus

A

Fasciculus Proprius

50
Q

Function of fasciculus proprius

A

Spinal reflexes

51
Q

Dorsolateral tract position

A

Between rexa lamina I and Posterior lateral sulcus of cord

52
Q

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

A

Total loss of either right or left side of spinal cord (hemisection)

53
Q

Tabes Dorsalis

A

Bacterial syphilis resulting in wasting away of dorsal funiculus , esp fasciculus gracilis

54
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Destroy of CNS IO

55
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

A

Destruction of UMN and LMN, particularly in lateral corticospinal tracts

56
Q

Parts of hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

A

MO
Pons
Cerebellum

57
Q

Parts of brain stem

A

MO
Pons
Midbrain (mesencephalon)

58
Q

Apparent origin

A

Where cranial nerve appears to be attached to surface of CNS

59
Q

Nucleus of origin

A

Nucleus that contribute motor fibers to cranial nerves

60
Q

Nucleus of termination

A

Nucleus that receive incoming Afferent input from cranial nerves

61
Q

Apparent origin of cranial nerves IX, X, XI

A

Near posterolateral sulcus

62
Q

Apparent origin of cranial nerve VI

A

Inferior pontine sulcus

63
Q

Apparent origin of cranial nerves VII, VIII

A

Pontocerebellar angle

64
Q

Apparent origin of cranial nerve XII

A

Ventrolateral sulcus

65
Q

Chemoreceptors in the ____ detect toxins in blood and trigger vomiting

A

Area postrema

66
Q

Inferior olivary nucleus

A

Relays information into cerebellum’s central nuclei and cortex

67
Q

Superior olivary nucleus located in pons is ___ in Function

68
Q

Reticular formation controls

A

General arousal of activity

Role in wakefulness and all states of attention

69
Q

What fibers are located in the pyramids

A

Pyramidal axons

Corticospinal axons

70
Q

Which fibers cross in the pyramids

A

Lateral corticospinal tract

71
Q

Medial lemniscus contains more fibers superiorly due to

A

Internal arcuate fibers from opposite nucleus gracilis and cuneatus

72
Q

Medial lemniscus terminates in

A

VPL of the thalamus

73
Q

Cranial nerve nuclei in MO

A

V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII

74
Q

Accessory oculomotor nucleus

A

Parasympathetic control of ciliary and pupillary constrictor smooth muscles of eye

75
Q

Oculomotor nuclei

A

Somatic motor muscle control of four of the six extraocular eye muscles and upper eyelid

76
Q

Trochlear nucleus

A

Somatic motor muscle control of superior oblique extraocular eye muscle

77
Q

Trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus

A

Proprioception from muscles of mastication

78
Q

Abducens nucleus

A

Somatic motor muscle control for lateral rectus extraocular eye muscle

79
Q

Nucleus ambiguous

A

Visceral efferent fibers to pharynx musculature

80
Q

Spinal nucleus of accessory nerve

A

Tectospinal tract (trapezius and sternocleidomastoid)

81
Q

Spinal nucleus and spinal tract of trigeminal nerve are great sensory nuclei for

A

Temperature and pain reception from the face

82
Q

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

A

Deals with swallowing, chewing, synchronous eye movements

83
Q

Trigeminothalamic tract synapses in

A

VPM of thalamus

84
Q

Wallenberg’s Stroke syndrome

Lateral medullary stroke syndrome

A

Results in stroke condition what may come through occlusion of vertebrobasilar arteries (posterior inferior cerebellar artery)

85
Q

Clinical manifestations of wallenberg’s stroke syndrome

A

Loss of pain/temperature sensation on one side of the face and on opposite side of the body

86
Q

Pons contain nuclei for cranial nerves

A

V, VI, VII, VIII

87
Q

___ is important relay center for fibers going to cerebellum

88
Q

Medullopontine sulcus

A

Apparent origin of CN VI

89
Q

__ forms floor of 4th ventricle

Also dorsal part of pons

A

Rhomboid fossa

90
Q

Apparent origin of largest CN (trigeminal, V) protrudes from

A

Lateral wall of pons

91
Q

Subdivisions of pons

A

Tegmentum- dorsal

Basilar- ventral

92
Q

Basilar division of pons contains

A

Corticospinal tract fibers
Medial lemniscus
Pontine nuclei

93
Q

___ create ventral bulge of pons

A

Pontine nuclei

94
Q

Pontine nuclei relay input from cerebral cortex to cerebellum via

A

Middle cerebellar peduncle

95
Q

Medial lemniscus ascends to

A

VPL thalamus

96
Q

Lateral lemniscus is an

A

Auditory pathway

97
Q

Lateral lemniscus ascends to diencephalon’s

A

Medial geniculate body

98
Q

Other components of the Tegmentum

A

Spinal trigeminal

Spinothalamic

CNS (9 decks)

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