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CNS > Appendix A > Flashcards

Appendix A Flashcards

1
Q

Chordata

A

Phylum humans belong to

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2
Q

Vertebrata

A

Subphylum man classified in

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3
Q

Mammalia

A

Class man is classified in

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4
Q

Primate

A

Order man classified in

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5
Q

Homo sapiens

A

Genus and species of man

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6
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

Anterior and intermediate portions of pituitary gland

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7
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

Posterior pituitary (pars nervosa)

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8
Q

Hypophysis Cerebri

A

Pituitary Gland (entire structure)

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9
Q

Epiphysis Cerebri

A

Pineal gland (body)

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10
Q

Embryo

A

Developing human before end of second month of gestation

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11
Q

Fetus

A

Developing human after second month of gestation

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12
Q

Neonate

A

Newborn infant

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13
Q

Dentate

A

Notched or Toothlike

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14
Q

Arcuate

A

Arranged like arch

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15
Q

Striae

A

Grove or streak like formation

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16
Q

Rectus

A

Straight

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17
Q

Reticular

A

Net like

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18
Q

Fissure

A

Relatively deep groove (infolding)

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19
Q

Sulcus

A

Relatively shallow groove (infolding)

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20
Q

Gyrus

A

Tortuous convolution

Between sulci and/or fissures of cerebrum

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21
Q

Folia

A

Small page like gyri of cerebellum

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22
Q

Nuclei

A

Cluster or group of neuron cell bodies located in CNS

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23
Q

Ganglia

A

Cluster or group of neuron cell bodies within PNS

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24
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell

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25
Q

Perikaryon

A

Synonym for cell body (soma) of neuron

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26
Q

Axon

A

Process of neuron that carries impulse away from cell body

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27
Q

Hillock

A

Small prominence or elevation

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28
Q

Dendrite

A

Process of neuron that carries charge/ impulse toward cell body (often many)

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29
Q

Fiber

A

Neuron with dominantly long process (dendrite or axon)

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30
Q

Nerve

A

Whitish appearing PNS structures filled with neuron fibers which innervate the body

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31
Q

Ramus

A

Branch

Major branches off spinal nerve trunks (white, gray, dorsal, ventral, etc.)

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32
Q

Axolemma

A

Outer plasma membrane (plasmalemma) of axon

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33
Q

Neurilemma

A

Covering around neuron fiber created by surrounding cell

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34
Q

Vertebral canal (Neural Canal)

A

Passageway created by continuous nature of vertebral foramina

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35
Q

Central canal

A

Tiny channel found within spinal cord and inferior medulla oblongata

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36
Q

Aqueduct

A

Passageway

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37
Q

Leptomenix

A

Thin membrane (synonym with arachnoid and pia matter)

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38
Q

Pachymeninx

A

Thick membrane (synonym with dura mater)

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39
Q

Somesthetic

A

To sense the body

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40
Q

Modality

A

Specific sensory entity

41
Q

Proprioception

A

Modality of subconscious awareness of body position and muscle movement

42
Q

Kinesthesia

A

Modality of conscious awareness of body position and muscle movement

43
Q

Adrenergic

A

Releasing of Adrenalin-like (NorEpi) molecules at target site

44
Q

Cholinergic

A

Releasing of choline-like (Acetylcholine) molecules at target site

45
Q

Chiasma

A

Crossing- usually relating to crossing of optic fibers

46
Q

Decussation

A

Crossing- more liberally to indicate crossing of fibers and tracts in CNS

47
Q

Contralateral

A

To the opposite side

48
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side

49
Q

Anterograde

A

Going forward- refers to going away from neuron cell body

50
Q

Retrograde

A

Going backward- going back toward cell body

51
Q

Fugal

A

Traveling away from- often a suffix

52
Q

Lesion

A

Any type of injury, damage, or “hurt”

53
Q

Myelopathy

A

Lesion of the spinal cord (rarely used for entire CNS)

54
Q

Necrosis

A

Death of cells or tissue

55
Q

Neoplasm

A

Tumor

Any abnormal growth

56
Q

Malignant

A

Spreading life threatening neoplasm

57
Q

Metastatic

A

Transferring to other tissues

58
Q

Idiopathic

A

Something of unknown cause

59
Q

Ischemia

A

Suppress blood supply to an area, resulting in abnormal function and may lead to necrosis

60
Q

Hematoma

A

Accumulation of blood outside of blood vessels

61
Q

Aneurysm

A

Abnormal dilation of blood vessel wall and its lumen (forms blood containing sack)

62
Q

Stroke

A

Blood vascular loss in CNS leading to permanent or prolonged brain damage
(Cerebrovascular accident)

63
Q

Angiography

A

X-ray of blood vessels injected with radiopaque dyes

64
Q

Myelography

A

X-ray of vertebral canal and spinal cord structures following injection of radiopaque dyes into CSF

65
Q

Ataxia

A

Irregularity in skeletal muscle coordination

66
Q

Paralysis

A

Total or partial loss of normal motor function

67
Q

Aphasia

A

Inability to communicate by speech, writing or signs

68
Q

Dysphasia

A

Partial or unusual loss of communicative ability

69
Q

Archi

A

Prefix meaning beginning or original

70
Q

Paleo

A

Prefix meaning old

71
Q

Neo

A

Prefix meaning new

72
Q

Cauda Equina

A

Horses’ tail

73
Q

Cephalgia

A

Headache

74
Q

Cornu

A

Horn-like projection

75
Q

Crus

A

Leg or leg like

76
Q

Cytoarchitecture

A

Pattern of cell arrangements

77
Q

Falx

A

Sickle shaped

78
Q

Fenestra

A

Window like

79
Q

Foramen

A

Opening

80
Q

Glial

A

Glue like

81
Q

Micron

A 
Metric system unit of length
Means small (1 X 10^-6 meters)
82
Q

Operculum

A

Lid or covering

83
Q

Pallium

A

To cloak

Synonym with cortex

84
Q

Pons

A

Bridge

Located between MO and midbrain

85
Q

BBB

A

Blood brain barrier

86
Q

CSF

A

Cerebralspinal Fluid

87
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular accident

88
Q

TIA

A

Transient ischemic attack

89
Q

DRG

A

Dorsal root ganglia

90
Q

IVF

A

Intervertebral foramen

Opening spinal verve emerges from vertebral canal

91
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalogram

Records brain waves

92
Q

CAT

A

Computerized axial tomography

X-rays

93
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Large magnets rearranging H molecules

94
Q

PET

A

Position Emission tomography

Radioactively labeled compounds for analysis

95
Q

MO

A

Medulla Oblongata

96
Q

MS

A

Multiple Sclerosis

97
Q

ALS

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

98
Q

GABA

A

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid

Common inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS (Amino Acid)

99
Q

ACH

A

Acetylcholine

CNS (9 decks)

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