Appendix B Flashcards
Accumulations of neuron cell bodies and dendrites
Gray matter
Main constituent of white matter
Neuron axons
cortex of cerebellum and cerebrum made out of
Gray
Islands of gray matter that break up inner white matter
Nuclei (basal ganglia)
Series of interconnecting cavities in the brain
Ventricles
Ventricles fill with
Cerebrospinal fluid
CSF made in ____ and escapes through ____
Ventricles; fourth
Components of brain stem
Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
Medulla Oblongata Position
Inferior, “stem-like”
Important ventral surface landmarks of M.O.
Bilateral pyramids (medial) Olives (lateral)
What has an abundance of cranial nerve pairs near or extending out?
Medulla Oblongata
Functions of M.O.
Vital for life-maintaining functions:
Breathing
CV control
Contains ALL ascending and descending neuron fibers associated w/ spinal cord
Pons Location
Just superior to MO w/ distinct ventral bulge
What Cranial Nerve Pair appears dramatically on lateral surface of Pons?
V (trigeminal)
What forms the ventral wall of the 4th brain ventricle?
Pons and MO
Functions of Pons
Integration and relay center between cerebrum and cerebellum
Another term for midbrain
Mesencephalon
What part of the brain stem immediately surrounds the cerebral aqueduct?
Midbrain
Cerebral aqueduct
Distinct passageway for CSF between third and fourth ventricles
Area posterior to the cerebral aqueduct
Tectum
Parts of the tectum
Two superior and inferior colliculi (corpora quadrigemina)
What are Cerebral Peduncles (CP)
Bilateral bulges ventral to cerebral aqueduct
What makes up each cerebral peduncle?
Red and black nuclei
Function of Midbrain
Coordinates subtle reflexes dealing w/ head movements in seeing and hearing
Importance of cerebral peduncles
Full of important descending motor oriented fibers
Components of Diencephalon
Thalamus Pineal body Hypothalamus Massa intermedia Third ventricle Mammillary bodies
Massa intermedia
Connection between right and left thalamic masses
Third ventricle is….
Fluid filled space bounded by thalamus and hypothalamus laterally
Function of Diencephalon
Neuron relay center
Control over many autonomic and endocrine functions
What is the “flower” at the top of the brain stem?
Telencephalon
What divides right and left cerebral hemispheres of telencephalon?
Longitudinal cerebral fissure
4 major lobes of each hemisphere of the telencephalon
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Pseudo lobes
Limbic, insular, and pyriform lobes
*include overlapping parts of 4 basic lobes
Largest lobe of the telencephalon
Frontal lobe
Major gyri of the frontal lobes
Precentral gyrus
Superior/middle/inferior frontal gyri
What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?
Central sulcus
What separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe?
Lateral cerebral sulcus
Additional folds of the frontal lobe (medial view)
Cingulate gyrus
Corpus callosum
Full of neuron axons that connect right and left cerebral hemispheres
Commissures
Structures that connect equivalent halves of the CNS
Function of frontal lobes
“Thought elaborating” centers
Voluntary motor initiating centers
What lobe is sandwiched between each of the other lobes?
Parietal
Parietal lobes include:
Post central gyrus
Superior and inferior parietal lobules
Inferior parietal lobule primarily made up of
Supramarginal and angular gyri
What two lobes have a non-distinct boundary?
Parietal and temporal
What demarcates general border of parietal and occipital lobes?
Parietal- occipital sulcus
Function of parietal lobes
“Feels” modalities of light touch, deep touch, pain, temperature changes, kinesthetic input
Associate many inputs from other lobes -> develop skills such as reading and writing
What lobe is relatively small w/ indistinct lateral and inferior boundaries?
Occipital lobes
Where is the deeply grooved calcarine sulcus located?
Medial surface of occipital lobe
Prominent medial structures in occipital lobe
Cuneus gyrus
Lingual gyrus
Function of Occipital lobes
Sight and memory of past sight experiences are received, built up, stored, and associated
parietal lobe dependent on this transfer for proper function
Gyri of the temporal lobes
Superior, middle, inferior temporal gyri
*similarly names sulcus next to appropriate gyrus
Hippocampal formation and parahippocampus
Network of fibers and cell bodies in temporal lobe
Functions of temporal lobes
Auditory reception, interpretation, memory centers
Behavior control mechanisms (in hippocampal formation)
What separates medial aspect of temporal lobe from frontal lobe?
Deep lateral sulcus
What is the significant olfactory interpretation area?
Uncus of the temporal lobe
Posterior enlargement dorsal to pons and medulla
Cerebellum
Cerebellum derived from
Hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
*along with MO and pons
Fourth brain ventricle
Fluid filled space between pons, MO and cerebellum
What is superior to the cerebellum?
Occipital lobes
Tentorium cerebelli
thin membrane in between occipital lobes and cerebellum
Horizontal cerebral fissure
Fissure that the tentorium cerebelli is inside of
Functions of cerebellum
Maintains muscle tone
Aids in making voluntary movements smooth and harmonious
*does NOT initiate gross movements
