Mesencephalon

Question 1

Areas of midbrain

Answer 1

Tectum
Cerebral aqueduct
Cerebral peduncles

Question 2

Tectum composed of

Answer 2

4 collicular bodies (superior and inferior collicular pairs)

Question 3

Tectum is ___ to cerebral aqueduct

Answer 3

Posterior

Question 4

Cerebral aqueduct is channel for

Answer 4

CSF exchange between 3 and 4 ventricles

Question 5

Periaqueductal gray substance surrounds

Answer 5

Cerebral aqueduct

Question 6

Nuclei for CN __ and __ are found in or near periaqueductal gray substance

Answer 6

III

IV

Question 7

___ and ___ are also present in periaqueductal gray substance

Answer 7

Endorphins
Enkephalins
(Natural painkillers)

Question 8

Cerebral peduncles include

Answer 8

Tegmentum
Substantial Nigeria
Crus Cerebri

Question 9

Smallest CN

Answer 9

CN IV

Question 10

CN IV

AKA

Answer 10

Trochlear nerve

Question 11

CN IV innervates

Answer 11

Superior oblique muscles

Question 12

CN __ travels further inside skull that any other

Answer 12

IV

Question 13

Only CN with fibers crossing

Answer 13

CN IV

Question 14

Only CN with apparent origin on posterior brain stem

Answer 14

CN IV

Question 15

CN III

AKA

Answer 15

Oculomotor Nerves

Question 16

Apparent origin for CN III

Answer 16

Ventral from interpeduncular fossa

Question 17

6 nuclei of origin for CN III located in

Answer 17

Periaqueductal gray substance area

Question 18

Function of CN III

Answer 18

Innervates 4 of 6 extraocular Muscles

Superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique

Question 19

Oculomotor nerve also carries axons from accessory oculomotor nucleus to

Answer 19

Ciliaris and sphincter pupillae

Question 20

Ciliaris Function

Answer 20

Lens accommodation

Question 21

Sphincter pupillae Function

Answer 21

Pupillary constriction

Question 22

Accessory oculomotor nucleus also referred to as

Answer 22

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Question 23

Tectum has __ bumps

Answer 23

4

2 pairs of superior and inferior colliculi

Question 24

Superior colliculi deal with

Answer 24

Visual reflexes

Question 25

Inferior colliculi deal with

Answer 25

Auditory reflex

Question 26

Both sets of colliculi use ___ tract

Answer 26

Tectospinal

Question 27

Tectospinal tract influences neurons in upper cervical through

Answer 27

CN XI

Question 28

CN XI contracts

Answer 28

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Question 29

Vision motor reflex pathway uses ___ and then goes to ___ and out via CN XI

Answer 29

Lateral geniculate body | Superior colliculus

Question 30

Hearing Reflex pathway uses ___ and perhaps ___ before exiting via CN XI

Answer 30

Inferior colliculi | Medial geniculate body

Question 31

Nuclei of origin of CN III and IV located in

Answer 31

Tegmentum

Question 32

Red Nucleus is primarily in

Answer 32

Midbrain (Tegmentum)

Question 33

Superior part of red nucleus extends into

Answer 33

Diencephalon’s subthalamic region

Question 34

Inferior large cell area of red nucleus

Answer 34

Magnocellular area

Question 35

Highly vascular superior area of red nucleus

Answer 35

Parvocellular

Question 36

Function of red nucleus

Answer 36

Contralateral motor responses for postural control and muscle tone control primary in flexor musculature

Question 37

Black substance found only in mammals

Answer 37

Substantia Nigra

Question 38

What gives Substantia Nigra black appearance?

Answer 38

Melanin

Question 39

Substantia Nigra extends into

Answer 39

Subthalamus of Diencephalon

Question 40

Melanin helps make

Answer 40

Dopamine

Question 41

Afferent and efferent fibers of Substantia Nigra exchanged between telencephalon’s

Answer 41

Caudate and putamen nuclei

Question 42

Caudate and putamen nuclei store

Answer 42

Dopamine

Question 43

Substantia Nigra secretes

Answer 43

Dopamine

Question 44

Parkinson’s disease associated with

Answer 44

Drop in dopamine in Substantia Nigra

Question 45

Symptoms of Parkinson’s

Answer 45

``` Resting tremor Festinating gate (short quick steps) ```

Question 46

Crus Cerebri composed of

Answer 46

Descending pyramidal axons

Question 47

Corticomesencephalic fibers terminate on CN nuclei III and IV to

Answer 47

Initiate voluntary motor movements of eyes

Question 48

Examples of descending tracts in crus Cerebri

Answer 48

Corticospinal Corticopontine Corticobulbar Corticomesencephalic