Spinal Anatomy PNS & ANS 21% (Cranial Nerves, ANS, & ENS) Flashcards
What is the saying to remember which cranial nerves are motor, sensory, or both?
Some say money matters but my brother says big boobs matter most
What is the saying to remember which opening each cranial nerve passes through?
Come On SOfia SOfia SOfia ROll OVer SOfia I AM In A Mood (for) JUGs JUGs JUGs Hello!
What is the function of the CN 1?
smell
What is the function of CN ll?
Vision
What is the function of CN lll?
Motor to the eye muscles EXCEPT lat. rectus & sup. Oblique
SO4 LR6/3
What is the function of CN lV?
Motor to superior oblique
What is the function of CN V?
Sensory: Face & tongue
Motor: Muscles of mastication
What are the branches of CN V?
V1 Ophthalmic
V2 Maxillary
V3 Mandibular
What is the function of CN Vl?
Motor to lateral rectus
What is the function of CN Vll?
Sensory: anterior 2/3 of tongue (taste)
Motor: Facial expression
What is the function of CN Vlll?
Balance & hearing (equilibrium)
What is the function of CN lX?
Sensory: Posterior 1/3 of tongue (taste)
Motor: secretion of parotid gland
What is the function of CN X?
Sensory: Bitter tast epiglottis; External auditory meatus
Motor: to larynx and pharynx
What is the function of CN Xl?
Motor to SCM & Trapezius
What is the function of CN Xll?
Motor to tongue
What is it called when you have a lesion of CN l and cannot smell?
anosmia
Which CN is associated with edinger Westphal?
CN lll
What is the largest CN?
CN V
What is the smallest CN?
CN lV
Which cranial nerve is affected in Bells Palsy?
CN Vll (superior salivary, branch of chorda tympani)
Damage to CN V can cause what condition? (known by two names)
Trigeminal neuroglia (Tic douloureux) pain of the Trigeminal nerve
What is the ganglion associated with CN Vlll?
Vestibular ganglion (of SCARPA)
What is the nucleus associated with CN lX?
Nucleus Ambiguous (inf. Salivatory)
What is the aka for CN X?
Wanderer
What is the nuclei associated with CN X?
Parasympathtic Dorsal Motor Nucleus
What is the nucleus associated with CN XI?
Nucleus ambiguous
What is the nucleus associated with CN Xll?
Hypoglossal
What bone do most CN’s transverse through?
sphenoid
When there is damage to the Vagus nerve it can be seen physically by what structure?
The uvula will point away from the side of lesion
If there is damage to the hypoglossal nerve which way will the tongue point?
Towards the lesion
Which CN are parasympathetic?
lll, Vll, lX, X (90% of body)
Where does the middle meningeal artery exit?
foramen spinosum
Where does the internal carotid artery exit?
Foramen lacerum
Injury to the PTERION (jxn of sphenoid, temporal, frontal, and pareital bones) “hockey puck” can cause damage to what vasculature?
middle meningeal artery, possible death
What does the ANS innervate?
involuntary structures such as heart, smooth muscle, and glands
Where are the sympathetics located?
T1-L1/L2 (thoracics
Which is true for sympathetics:
a. SHORT PREganglionic
b. SHORT POSTganglionic
a. SHORT PREganglionic
Which is true for sympathetics:
a. LONG PREganglionic
b. LONG POSTganglionic
b. LONG POSTganglionic
What neurotransmitter is released by the SHORT PREganglionic axons of the sympathetics?
ACH
Which neurotransmitter is released by LONG POSTganglionic axons of the sympathetics?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
What do the parasympathetics consist of?
CN: lll, Vll, lX, X (mainly X)
S2-S4
Which is true about parasympathetic axons?
a. SHORT PREganglionic
b. LONG PREganglionic
b. LONG PREganglionic
Which is true for parasympathetic axons?
a. LONG POSTganglionic
b. SHORT POSTganglionic
b. SHORT POSTganglionic
What is the only neurotransmitter released by the parasympathetics (both pre and postganglionic fibers)?
ACH
Which is associated with chain ganglion?
a. sympathetics
b. parasympathetics
a. sympathetics
What does the Enteric division control?
GI track
What are the two types of neurons (ganglia) of the ANS?
- Myenteric (Auerbach’s)
- Submucosal (Meissner’s)
Which of the following is motor innervation for both layers of tunica muscularis?
a. Myenteric (Auerbach’s)
b. Submucosal (Meissner’s)
a. Myenteric (Auerbach’s)
Which of the following is both parasympathetic and sympathetic?
a. Myenteric (Auerbach’s)
b. Submucosal (Meissner’s)
a. Myenteric (Auerbach’s)
Which of the following is secretomotor to lumen?
a. Myenteric (Auerbach’s)
b. Submucosal (Meissner’s)
b. Submucosal (meissner’s)
Which of the following is parasympathetic only?
a. Myenteric (Auerbach’s)
b. Submucosal (Meissner’s)
b. submucosal (Meissner’s)
How many enteric neurotransmitters are there?
over 30
Where is 95% of serotonin and 50% of dopamine found?
in bowels
What considered the 2nd brain of the body?
ENS
What % of the immune system depends on the gut to kill invaders?
70%
What part of the actual spinal cord are sympathetics associated with?
lateral horn
