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NBS Spinal Anatomy > Spinal Anatomy CNS & related structures 23% part 1 > Flashcards

Spinal Anatomy CNS & related structures 23% part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What gives rise to all neurons and supporting cells?

A

Ectoderm

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2
Q

The vertebra develops from what?

A

sclerotome

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3
Q

What induces the ectoderm to form the neuroectoderm?

A

Notochord

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4
Q

What is the remnant of the neuroectoderm in the IVD?

A

nucleus pulposus

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5
Q

What forms the neural plate?

A

Ectoderm

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6
Q

What form s the neural groove?

A

Neural plate

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7
Q

What does the neural plate house?

A

spinal cord and brain vesicles

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8
Q

What are the brachial arches, PNS, Schwann cells, pia mater & arachnoid meninges, Sacral parasympathetics, and spinal (sensory) & autonomic ganglia developed from?

A

Neural crest

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9
Q

What are the mesencephalic nucleus of V, Melanocytes, bones & connective tissue of the head, DRG, Ganglia of C.N. V, VII, IX, and X, as well as the adrenal gland medula and suprarenals developed from?

A

Neural crest

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10
Q

Should you remember all that the neural crest develops into?

A

NO just remember the Neural plate!!!!!!

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11
Q

What is the pneumonic to remember what the neural plate develops into?

A

M.O.A.N.E.R.

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12
Q

Neural plate (brain cells) develop into what?

A
  1. Macroglial cells a) Oligodendrocytes b) Astrocytes 2. Neurons CNS 3. Ependymal cells 4. Retinal cells
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13
Q

What forms the lining of the digestive tube & its associated structures?

A

Endoderm epithelium

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14
Q

What are the divisions of the primitive gut?

A
  1. forgut 2. midgut 3. Hindgut 4. Allantois
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15
Q

What is the allantios division of the primitive gut?

A

urinary bladder, vagina, urethra, prostate & urethral glands

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16
Q

What do somite cell form?

A
  1. sclerotome –> vertebral column 2. Myotome –> muscle & dermatome (skin)
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17
Q

What does the foramen ovale become?

A

fossa ovalis (b/w interatrial septum)

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18
Q

What does the ductus arteriosus become?

A

ligamentum arteriosum (bypasses lung pulmonary trunk to arch of aorta)

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19
Q

What does the ductus venosus become?

A

ligamentum venosum (bypasses sinusoids of fetal liver)

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20
Q

What does the umbilical vein become?

A

ligamentum teres (round ligament)

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21
Q

What do the umbilical arteries become?

A

medial umbilical ligamnets

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22
Q

What is the urachus a remnant of?

A

duct of allantois

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23
Q

What type of cells line the capillaries, alveoli, and glomeruli and function in filtration and diffusion?

a. CIliated Epithelium
b. Simple squamus
c. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar
d. Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar

A

b. simple squamous

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24
Q

What type of cells line the brain vesicles, oviduct, and lungs and function to circulate, move, and sweep/clean? a. CIliated Epithelium b. Simple squamus c. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar d. Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar

A

a.ciliated epithelium

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25
Q

What type of cells line the trachea and upper respiratory tract a. CIliated Epithelium b. Simple squamus c. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar d. Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar

A

c. ciliated pseudostratified columnar

26
Q

What type of cells line the vas deferens? a. CIliated Epithelium b. Simple squamus c. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar d. Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar

A

d. Non-ciliated psuedostratified columnar

27
Q

The mandibular branch of the V (V3) has what brachial arch?

A

1

28
Q

The mandibular branch of the V (V3) has what skeletal structures associated with it?

A

Malleus (Meckel’s cartilage) and incus (Quadrate cartilage)

29
Q

The mandibular branch of the V (V3) has what muscles associated with it?

A

muscles of mastication and jaw-closing muscles

30
Q

The facial (VII) nerve has what brachial arch associated with it?

A

2

31
Q

What skeletal structures does the facial nerve have?

A

Stapes and styloid

32
Q

What muscles are associated with the facial nerve?

A

Muscles of facial expression and jaw opening muscles stylohyoid and stapedius

33
Q

What brachial arch is associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)?

A

3

34
Q

What skeletal structures are associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)?

A

Cornu and hyoid

35
Q

What muscles are associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)?

A

Stylopharyngeus

36
Q

What brachial arch is associated with the superior laryngeal of the vagus (X)?

A

4

37
Q

What skeletal structures are associated with the superior laryngeal of the Vagus nerve (X)?

A

Thyroid and Cricoid cartilage

38
Q

What muscles are associated with the superior laryngeal of the vagus nerve (X)?

A

Pharyngeal, cricothyroid, and levator palatine

39
Q

What brachial arch is associated with the inferior laryngeal of the Vagus (X) (recurrent branch)?

A

6

40
Q

What skeletal structures are associated with the inferior laryngeal of Vagus nerve (X)?

A

Arytenoid, Corniculate cartilage, and Cuneiform cartilage

41
Q

what muscles are associated with the inferior laryngeal of Vagus nerve (X)?

A

Laryngeal

42
Q

what CN is associated with the 5th brachial arch?

A

NONE

43
Q

What is the “glue” that gives rise to astrocytes and oligodendrocytes?

A

glioblasts

44
Q

What is the most numerous cell in the CNS and acts like connective tissue?

A

Astrocyte

45
Q

What cell is part of the BBB and forms scar like tissue in injurys?

A

Astrocytes

46
Q

What cells are numerous but not as much as astrocytes and form MYELIN around the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

47
Q

What ciliated cells line the CNS and make a “leaky” barrier between the CSF & CNS?

A

Ependymal cells

48
Q

What are cells act as phagocytes in the CNS?

A

Microglia

49
Q

What are microglia aka?

A

Gitterzellen cells

50
Q

What cells make neurons?

A

Neuroblasts

51
Q

What are the “connectors” within the CNS?

A

internuncial neurons

52
Q

What is the definition of commissural?

A

between two hemispheres

53
Q

What is the definition of association?

A

different parts in the same hemisphere

54
Q

what is the definition of PROJECTION?

A

lower centers to cerebral cortex

55
Q

What structures are in the CNS?

A

Brain and Spinal cord

56
Q

what are the most common type of neurons in the CNS?

a. Unipolar
b. Multipolar
c. Astrocytes
d. Oligodendrocyte

A

b. multipolar

57
Q

What does the gray matter in the CNS consist of?

A

cell bodies and dendrites

58
Q

What does the white matter of the CNS consist of?

A

myelinated axons

59
Q

What does the macroglia of the CNS consist of?

A

Astrocytes & Oligodendrocytes

60
Q
A

NBS Spinal Anatomy (11 decks)

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