Spinal Anatomy CNS & related structures 23% part 1 Flashcards
What gives rise to all neurons and supporting cells?
Ectoderm
The vertebra develops from what?
sclerotome
What induces the ectoderm to form the neuroectoderm?
Notochord
What is the remnant of the neuroectoderm in the IVD?
nucleus pulposus
What forms the neural plate?
Ectoderm
What form s the neural groove?
Neural plate
What does the neural plate house?
spinal cord and brain vesicles
What are the brachial arches, PNS, Schwann cells, pia mater & arachnoid meninges, Sacral parasympathetics, and spinal (sensory) & autonomic ganglia developed from?
Neural crest
What are the mesencephalic nucleus of V, Melanocytes, bones & connective tissue of the head, DRG, Ganglia of C.N. V, VII, IX, and X, as well as the adrenal gland medula and suprarenals developed from?
Neural crest
Should you remember all that the neural crest develops into?
NO just remember the Neural plate!!!!!!
What is the pneumonic to remember what the neural plate develops into?
M.O.A.N.E.R.
Neural plate (brain cells) develop into what?
- Macroglial cells a) Oligodendrocytes b) Astrocytes 2. Neurons CNS 3. Ependymal cells 4. Retinal cells
What forms the lining of the digestive tube & its associated structures?
Endoderm epithelium
What are the divisions of the primitive gut?
- forgut 2. midgut 3. Hindgut 4. Allantois
What is the allantios division of the primitive gut?
urinary bladder, vagina, urethra, prostate & urethral glands
What do somite cell form?
- sclerotome –> vertebral column 2. Myotome –> muscle & dermatome (skin)
What does the foramen ovale become?
fossa ovalis (b/w interatrial septum)
What does the ductus arteriosus become?
ligamentum arteriosum (bypasses lung pulmonary trunk to arch of aorta)
What does the ductus venosus become?
ligamentum venosum (bypasses sinusoids of fetal liver)
What does the umbilical vein become?
ligamentum teres (round ligament)
What do the umbilical arteries become?
medial umbilical ligamnets
What is the urachus a remnant of?
duct of allantois
What type of cells line the capillaries, alveoli, and glomeruli and function in filtration and diffusion?
a. CIliated Epithelium
b. Simple squamus
c. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar
d. Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar
b. simple squamous
What type of cells line the brain vesicles, oviduct, and lungs and function to circulate, move, and sweep/clean? a. CIliated Epithelium b. Simple squamus c. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar d. Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar
a.ciliated epithelium
What type of cells line the trachea and upper respiratory tract a. CIliated Epithelium b. Simple squamus c. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar d. Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar
c. ciliated pseudostratified columnar
What type of cells line the vas deferens? a. CIliated Epithelium b. Simple squamus c. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar d. Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar
d. Non-ciliated psuedostratified columnar
The mandibular branch of the V (V3) has what brachial arch?
1
The mandibular branch of the V (V3) has what skeletal structures associated with it?
Malleus (Meckel’s cartilage) and incus (Quadrate cartilage)
The mandibular branch of the V (V3) has what muscles associated with it?
muscles of mastication and jaw-closing muscles
The facial (VII) nerve has what brachial arch associated with it?
2
What skeletal structures does the facial nerve have?
Stapes and styloid
What muscles are associated with the facial nerve?
Muscles of facial expression and jaw opening muscles stylohyoid and stapedius
What brachial arch is associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)?
3
What skeletal structures are associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)?
Cornu and hyoid
What muscles are associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)?
Stylopharyngeus
What brachial arch is associated with the superior laryngeal of the vagus (X)?
4
What skeletal structures are associated with the superior laryngeal of the Vagus nerve (X)?
Thyroid and Cricoid cartilage
What muscles are associated with the superior laryngeal of the vagus nerve (X)?
Pharyngeal, cricothyroid, and levator palatine
What brachial arch is associated with the inferior laryngeal of the Vagus (X) (recurrent branch)?
6
What skeletal structures are associated with the inferior laryngeal of Vagus nerve (X)?
Arytenoid, Corniculate cartilage, and Cuneiform cartilage
what muscles are associated with the inferior laryngeal of Vagus nerve (X)?
Laryngeal
what CN is associated with the 5th brachial arch?
NONE
What is the “glue” that gives rise to astrocytes and oligodendrocytes?
glioblasts
What is the most numerous cell in the CNS and acts like connective tissue?
Astrocyte
What cell is part of the BBB and forms scar like tissue in injurys?
Astrocytes
What cells are numerous but not as much as astrocytes and form MYELIN around the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
What ciliated cells line the CNS and make a “leaky” barrier between the CSF & CNS?
Ependymal cells
What are cells act as phagocytes in the CNS?
Microglia
What are microglia aka?
Gitterzellen cells
What cells make neurons?
Neuroblasts
What are the “connectors” within the CNS?
internuncial neurons
What is the definition of commissural?
between two hemispheres
What is the definition of association?
different parts in the same hemisphere
what is the definition of PROJECTION?
lower centers to cerebral cortex
What structures are in the CNS?
Brain and Spinal cord
what are the most common type of neurons in the CNS?
a. Unipolar
b. Multipolar
c. Astrocytes
d. Oligodendrocyte
b. multipolar
What does the gray matter in the CNS consist of?
cell bodies and dendrites
What does the white matter of the CNS consist of?
myelinated axons
What does the macroglia of the CNS consist of?
Astrocytes & Oligodendrocytes
