Spinal Anatomy Osteology (19%) Flashcards
At how many weeks in embryo does ossification of bone begin?
7-8 weeks
What is the suture called where the frontl and parietal bones meet?
Coronal
What is the suture called where the 2 parietal bones meet?
Sagittal
What is the suture called where the parietal and occipital meet?
Lambdoidal
What is the suture called where the tempotal and parietal meet?
Squamous
The cribriform plate (inferiorly) and Crista galli (superiorly) are located on which bone?
a. Ethmoid
b. Maxillary
c. Sphenoid
d. Temporal
a. Ethmoid bone
The hard palate, palatine, and orbital processes are a part of what bone?
a. Ethmoid
b. Maxillary
c. Sphenoid
d. Temporal
b. Maxillary
The sella turcica, foramen ovale, rotundum, lacerum, spinosum are all a part of what bone?
a. Ethmoid
b. Maxillary
c. Sphenoid
d. Temporal
c. Sphenoid
The mastoid is a feature of which bone?
a. Ethmoid
b. Maxillary
c. Sphenoid
d. Temporal
d. Temporal
Which bones make up the orbit?
sphenoid, frontal, zygomatic, palatine, ethmoid, lacrimal, and maxillary
Is the nasal bone part of the orbit?
no
When does ossification of the vertebral column occur in embryo?
7-8 weeks
What are the 3 primary ossification centers that are completed by ages 3-6 y/o?
1 = body (centrum)
2 = each vertebral arch (becomes lamina & pedicles)
What are the 5 secondary ossification centers that are completed by 25 y/o?
1 = tip of spinous
2 = Transverse process’
2 = Annular ring epiphyses (sup. and inf. aspect of body)
which group have an additional 2 ossification centers and what are they?
lumbars, mamillary processes
What are ribs called that have no direct sternal attachment (attach by costal cartilages)
flat bones
how many pairs of ribs are there?
12
What ribs are typical?
3-9
What are the atypical ribs?
1, 2, 11, & 12
what is the shortest rib?
1st rib
which rib has a costochondral joint articulation with the manubrium, has a scalene tubercle, and supports subclavian vessels?
1st rib
what is the thinner rib, is 2x length of 1st rib, has the serratus anterior tuberosity?
2nd rib
Which ribs are short w/ no neck or tubercle, floaters (dont articulate w/ sternum), have a single facet on head, and have an end capped cartilage?
11 and 12
Where is the jugular notch located and what is its aka?
T3 & T4; suprasternal notch
What is the angle of Louis?
where the manubrium/sternum meet @ second rib attachment
What is the Gladiolus aka?
Sternum
What segmental levels is the body of the sternum located at?
T5-T9
What forms the lateral border of the sternum?
Costal notches
What is a landmark for the diaphragm?
xiphoid process
The sacrum has how many vertebrae?
5
When are the 5 sacral vertebra fused by?
age 25
Where on the sacrum is the sarcral promontory located?
base
What part of the sacrum articulates with the coccyx?
the apex
Where do the branches of the sacral spinal nerves pass through on the sacrum?
sacral foramina
What are the lateral sides of the sacrum called? (aka wings)
ala
What part of the sacrum is the equivelant of the spinous processes?
Median crest
What part of the sacrum is equivelant to transverse processes?
intermediate crest
What are the boundaries of the IVF?
anterior:
posteror:
Superior:
Inferior:
anterior: IVD/vertebral body
posterior: facets
Superior: Pedicle
Inferior: pedicle
Make sure you can draw the boundaries of the IVF
pg. 7 in notes
What connects the lateral masses of atlas?
posterior arch
What vertebral level is the hyoid bone at?
C3
What vertebral level is the cornu of thyroid at?
C4
What vertebral level is the Body of thyroid at?
C5
What vertebral level is the cricoid cartilage at?
C6
****What vertebral level is the carotid tubercle at?
C6
How many “atypical” vertebra are there in adults?
9
What vertebral levels are associated with the joint of luska?
C2 - C6
What is the lowest level vertebra where the vertebral artery (impression) is located?
C6
What is the first vertebral spinous palpated off of the EOP?
C2
What is the aka for C1?
atlas
What are the aka’s for C2?
Axis and Epistropheus
What shape is the body and canal of cervical vertebra?
body: circular
canal: triangular
What shape is the body and canal of thoracics?
body: heart
Canal: circle
What is the shape of the body and canal of the lumbars?
body: kidney bean
canal: triangle
What segment in is born to fail meaning has a lot of problems with it?
L5
How many teeth does a 3 year old have?
20
How many adult teeth are there?
32
Put the following layers of the teeth in order from superficial to deep:
- Cementum
- Dentin
- Pulp (nerves & vessles)
- Enamel
- Root
- enamel
- dentin
- Pulp (nerves & vessles)
- Cementum
- Root
