Spinal Anatomy CNS & related structures 23% part 3 (tracts)

Question 1

Atrophy or damage of the basal ganglia can produce quick movements known as what?

Answer 1

chorea

Question 2

Parkinsons is due to neuronal degeneration of what? And what are indicators found that confirm this disease?

Answer 2

Substantia nigra; LEWY BODIES

Question 3

What is the relay center for crude sensation and integrations of the tracts?

Answer 3

thalamus

Question 4

What is the center for conscious interpertation & movement?

Answer 4

Cortex

Question 5

What is the primary SENSORY cortex?

a. Precentral gyrus
b. Postcentral gyrus

Answer 5

b. Postcentral gyrus

Question 6

What is the primary motor cortex?

a. Precentral gyrus
b. Postcentral gyrus

Answer 6

a. Precentral gyrus

Question 7

KNOW PICTURE OF THE CROSS SECTION OF THE SPINAL CORD AND WHERE THE TRACTS AND ANATOMY ARE LOCATED

Answer 7

PG 3

Question 8

What neurons affect everything systemic?

a. UMN
b. LMN

Answer 8

a. Upper motor neurons

Question 9

What neurons travel from the brain to the anterior horn cell?

a. UMN
b. LMN

Answer 9

a. UMN

Question 10

What motor neurons have an isolated place of effect?

a. UMN
b. LMN

Answer 10

b. Lower motor neurons

Question 11

What motor neurons travel from anterior horn to the periphery?

a. UMN
b. LMN

Answer 11

b. Lower motor neurons

Question 12

Which motor neurons do chiropractors primarily take care of?

a. UMN
b. LMN

Answer 12

b. Lower motor neurons

Question 13

Which part of the spinal cord takes care of motor functions?

a. Anterior horn
b. Posterior horn
c. Lateral horn

Answer 13

a. Anterior horn

Question 14

What part of the spinal cord takes care of the sympathetics?

a. Anterior horn
b. Posterior horn
c. Lateral horn

Answer 14

c. Lateral horn

Question 15

What part of the spine deals with sensory information?

a. Anterior horn
b. Posterior horn
c. Lateral horn

Answer 15

b. Posterior horn

Question 16

What vertebral levels are the sympathetics at?

a. T1 - T12
b. T2 - L1/L2
c. T1 - L4
d. T1 - L1/L2

Answer 16

d. T1 - L1/L2 = sympathetics

Question 17

Lesions to which motor neurons Increase motor response?

a. UMNL
b. LMNL

Answer 17

a. Upper Motor Neuron lesions

Question 18

Lesions to which motor neurons decrease motor responses?

a. UMNL
b. LMNL

Answer 18

b. Lower motor neuron lesions

Question 19

What is the ONE EXCEPTION to the rule that all UMNL increase motor responses?

a. Decreases superficial reflexes (unilaterally)
b. Decreases superficial refleses (bilaterally)
c. Decreases DTR
d. Decreases muscle tone

Answer 19

b. Decreases superficial reflexes (bilaterally)

Question 20

A lesion to what motor neurons decreases superficial reflexes (unilaterally)?

a. UMNL
b. LMNL

Answer 20

b. Lower motor neuron lesion

Question 21

A lesion to which motor neurons will cause a positive babinski test?

(babinski test is an exaggerated pathological reflex in response to a stimulus such as tickling the foot and the patient kicks the foot out really hard)

a. UMNL
b. LMNL

Answer 21

a. UMNL

Question 22

A lesion to what motor neurons would cause clonus, increased DTR, Hypertrophy, and spasticity?

a. LMNL
b. UMNL

Answer 22

b. UMNL

(Remember: UMNL increases, except for a decrease in superficial reflexes BILATERALLY)

Question 23

A lesion to which motor neurons causes no pathological reflexes, decreased muscle tone, flaccidity, atroph, fasciculations, decreased DTR, and decreased superficial Reflexes (UNILATERALLY)?

a. UMNL
b. LMNL

Answer 23

b. LMNL

Question 24

A lesion to which motor neuron causes a decrease in superficial reflexes?

a. UMNL
b. LMNL

Answer 24

BOTH a & b

a. UMNL = BILATERALLY
b. LMNL = UNILATERALLY