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NBS Spinal Anatomy > Spinal Anatomy CNS & related structures 23% part 2 > Flashcards

Spinal Anatomy CNS & related structures 23% part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Ventricles of the brain are direct extensions of what?

A

the spinal cord

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2
Q

What are the three primary brain vesicles?

A
  1. Prosencephalon
  2. Mesencephalon
  3. Rhombencephalon
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3
Q

What are the secondary structures developed from the prosencephalon?

A
  1. Telencephalon
  2. Diencephalon
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4
Q

What secondary brain vesicle does the forebrain develop from?

A

Telencephalon

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5
Q

What secondary brain vesicle developes the thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland, retina, mamilary body, and post. pituitary?

A

Diencephalon

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6
Q

what cranial nerve is associated with the telencephalon?

A

CN. l

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7
Q

what cranial nerve is associated with the diencephalon?

A

CN ll

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8
Q

What ventricles are in the prosencephalon?

A

1,2, and 3

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9
Q

What is the foramen of monroe?

A

the interventricular foramen= 1, 2, and 3rd ventricle

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10
Q

what secondary brain vesicle is developed from the mesencephalon?

A

mesencephalon

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11
Q

What structure is part of the mesencephalon?

A

midbrain

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12
Q

What cranial nerves are associated with the mesencephalon?

A

CN lll & lV

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13
Q

What neural canal regions are w/in the mesencephalon?

A

the cerebral aqueduct of sylvius

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14
Q

What secondary brain vesicles develop from the Rhombencephalon?

A
  1. Metencephalon
  2. Myelencephalon
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15
Q

What structures are in the develop from the metencephalon of the rhombencephalon?

A

Pons & cerebellum

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16
Q

What structures develop from the myelencephalon of the rhombencephalon?

A

medulla oblongata*****

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17
Q

What crainial nerves are associated with the metencephalon?

A

V, Vl, Vll, and Vlll

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18
Q

What cranial nerves are associated with the myelencephalon of the rhombencephalon?

A

lX, X, Xl, and Xll

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19
Q

What ventricle is associated with the metencephalon and myencephalon of the rhombencephalon?

A

4th ventricle

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20
Q

Secondary vesicle –> CN

TEL = ___

DI = ___

MES = ___

MET = ___

MY = ____

A

TEL = 1

DI = 2

MES = 3,4

MET = 5,6,7,8

MY = 9, 10, 11, 12

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21
Q

KNOW THE STRUCTURE OF THE CIRLT OF WILLIS!!!!

A

pg 2

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22
Q

Lateral aperatures = _____________

A

2 foramenia of Luschka

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23
Q

Median aperature = _____________

A

1 foramen of Magendie

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24
Q

What is the blood supply of circle of willis (arterial anastomosis) a communication of?

A

between the forebrain and hindbrain

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25
Q

What does the circle of willis surround anatomically?

A

The pituitary gland and optic chiasm

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26
Q

What arteries supply the circle of willis?

A
  1. Internal carotid
  2. vertebral arteries
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27
Q

What arteries make up the actual circle in the cirle of willis?

A
  1. Anterior cerebral
  2. Posterior cerebral
  3. Anterior communicating
  4. Posterior communicating
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28
Q

Which artery of the circle of willis is the most common site for a CVA/stroke?

A

Middle cerebral artery

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29
Q

Which artery in the circle of willis carries the most blood?

A

middle cerebral artery (800 mL/min)

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30
Q

What artery in the circle of willis sendds 200 branches into the vental aspect of the cord?

A

Anteromedial longitudinal artery trunk (AMLAT) aka anterior spinal artery

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31
Q

What artery gives branches to supply the posterior roots of the spinal cord?

A

Posterolateral longitudinal artery trunk (PLLAT) aka posterior spinal artery

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32
Q

what is another name for the cerebral cortex?

A

Pallium

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33
Q

What is the Pallim (cerebral cortex) developed from?

A

Neural plate

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34
Q

What makes up 90% of the cerebral cortex?

a. neocortex (isocortex)
b. Allocortex

A

a. neocortex

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35
Q

how many cerebral cortex laminae are in the neocortex (isocortex)?

A

6

36
Q

How much of the cerebral cortex does the allocortex make up?

A

10%

37
Q

What is the diencephalon mostly formed by?

A

Thalamus

38
Q

What structure is a relay for the cortes, processes sensory info, sleep, and consciousness?

A

Diencephalon (thalamus)

39
Q

What part of the brain does motor relay?

A

diencephalon (thalmus)

40
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for postural adjustments?

A

Basal ganglia

41
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for steadying voluntary movements?

A

Basal ganglia

42
Q

What part of the brain has enkephalins?

A

basal ganglia

43
Q

Parkinsons, Huntington’s chorea, and ballism are all caused by lesions in what part of the brain?

A

Basal ganglia

44
Q

What structures are in the basal ganglia?

A
  1. Corpus striatum
  2. amygdaloid nucleus
  3. claustrum
45
Q

Nuclei of what brain vesicle include the cuadate, putamen, globus pallidus & basal ganglia?

a. telencephalon nuclei
b. mesenchphalon nuclei
c. corpus striatum
d. Lentiform Nucleus

A

a. telencephalon nuclei

46
Q

What contains the head of the cuadate and putamen?

a. telencephalon nuclei
b. mesenchphalon nuclei
c. corpus striatum
d. Lentiform Nucleus

A

c. corpus striatum

47
Q

The Globus pallidus (medial) and the putamen (lateral) are structures within which of the following?

a. telencephalon nuclei
b. mesenchphalon nuclei
c. corpus striatum
d. Lentiform Nucleus

A

d. Lentiform nucleus

48
Q

The substantia nigra and subthalamic are structures within which of the following?

a. telencephalon nuclei
b. mesenchphalon nuclei
c. corpus striatum
d. Lentiform Nucleus

A

b. mesencephalon nuclei

49
Q

What structures is the brainstem made up of?

A
  1. Medulla oblongota
  2. pons
  3. midbrain
50
Q

What is the conduit for the ascending and descending tracts?

A

Brainstem

51
Q

What part of the CNS contains reflex centers associated with respiration, CV & consciousness?

A

brainstem

52
Q

What nuclei does the brainstem contain?

A

CN. lll - Xll

53
Q

What is the layering of the meningies from inside –> out?

A

Pia, Arachnoid, Dura mater (PAD)

54
Q

How much CSF does the average adult have in the body?

A

140mL - 270mL

55
Q

What is contained within the epidural space?

A

Fat and veins

56
Q

What is the space between the arachnoid and pia mater called?

A

subarachnoid space

57
Q

What cells are the innermost layer of the neural tube?

A

Ependymal cells

58
Q

At what location is a lumbar puncture “spinal tap” perfromed?

A

Subarachnoid space

59
Q

What produces CSF?

A

choroid plexus

60
Q

What resorbs CSF?

A

Arachnoid granulations

61
Q

How many mL of CSF are approx. in the ventricles?

A

25mL

62
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

63
Q

What is the Bell-Magendi law?

A

Dorsal roots = sensory (afferent fibers)

Ventral roots = motor (efferent roots)

(S.A.M.E.)

64
Q

What vertebral level does the spinal cord end?

A

L1/L2

65
Q

What is the end of the spinal cord called?

A

Conus medullaris

66
Q

What is the term for the roots of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves exiting through the lumbar cistern called?

A

Cuada Equina

67
Q

what makes the roof of the midbrain?

A

tectum

68
Q

Where does the exchange of CSF between the 3rd & 4th ventricles happen?

A

Cerebral aqueduct of sylvius

69
Q

Wha is the amino acid precursor to dopamine?

A

tyrosine

70
Q

what is a byproduct of the production of dopamine?

A

melanin

71
Q

Where is dopamine produced in the midbrain?

A

substantia nigra

72
Q

The tegmentum, substantia nigra, crus cerebri, and CN lll & lV are all part of what?

A

cerebral peduncles

73
Q

The corticospinal, corticopontine, corticobulbar & corticomesenvephalic fibers (move the eye) are all part of what?

A

crus cerebri

74
Q

What functions in the integration of “momentary” static muscle contraction, joint tension, visual & auditory input all regarding EQUILIBRIUM?

A

Cerebellum

75
Q

cerebellum = _____________

A

EQUILIBRIUM

76
Q

The vermis of the cerebellum is located:

a. medially
b. laterally
c. posteriorly
d. superiorly

A

a. medially

77
Q

What is located more anterior and deals with general muscle tone?

a. Paleocerebellar
b. Neocerebellar
c. Archicerebellar

A

a. Paleocerebellar

78
Q

What part of the cerebellum is aka flocculonodular and deals with equilibrium?

a. Paleocerebellar
b. Neocerebellar
c. Archicerebellar

A

c. Archicerebellar

79
Q

Which part of the cerebellum is located posteriorly and is responsible for coordianation of skilled movements?

a. Paleocerebellar
b. Neocerebellar
c. Archicerebellar

A

b. Neocerebellar

80
Q

What is the white matter of the cerebellum called?

A

corpus medullare

81
Q

what are the gray matter neuron cell types of the cerebellum?

a. purkinje
b. Golgi ll
c. Stellate
d. Basket
e. Granular

A

a,b,c,d,e

82
Q

What is the mc cell type in the cerebellum?

a. purkinje
b. Golgi ll
c. Stellate
d. Basket
e. Granular

A

a. purkinje

83
Q

What is the blood supply to the cerebellum?

A

branches of the vertebral & basilar arteries

84
Q

Name the cerebellar nuclei from medial to lateral, small to large?

  1. Fastigial
  2. Emboliform
  3. Dentate
  4. Globus
A

1, 4, 2, 3

Fastigial, Globus, Emboliform, Dentate

(Fat Girls Eat Donuts)

85
Q
A

NBS Spinal Anatomy (11 decks)

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