Spinal anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
vertebral column also called
A
spine or backbone
2
Q
how many individual bony vertebrae are there
A
33
3
Q
how many sacral bones are there
A
5
4
Q
how many coccygeal vertebrae
A
3-5
5
Q
principle supporting structure for human body
A
vertebral column
6
Q
what does vertebral column allow individual to do
A
stand upright, bend, twist
7
Q
what is another main job of vertebral column
A
protect spinal cord
8
Q
how is spine shaped at birth
A
C-shaped
9
Q
what kind of curve does a baby have
A
one concave
10
Q
as child learns to walk and craw, how does spine adjust
A
to accommodate 4-legged
11
Q
then spine later learns to adjust for what
A
2-legged locomotion
12
Q
what spine has lordotic curve
A
cervical and lumbar
13
Q
what spine has kyphotic
A
thoracic and sacral
14
Q
abnormal forward curve of lumbar spine
A
lordosis
15
Q
abnormal curve of thoracic
A
kyphosis
16
Q
sometimes called sway back
A
lordosis
17
Q
sometimes called hunchback
A
kyphosis
18
Q
what is it called when vertebral column abnormally curves from side to side
A
scoliosis
19
Q
any abnormalities of spine can place unneeded pressure where
A
on heart and lungs
20
Q
typical vertebrae consists of what
A
2 main divisions
21
Q
what portion of spine is called the body
A
anterior portion
22
Q
what portion of vertebrae is the posterior poriton
A
vertebral arch
23
Q
what are the boney appendages of a typical vertebrae
A
superior and inferior articular facets, spinous process, and transverse processes
24
Q
on the lateral aspect of the vertebral arch, what is it formed by
A
2 projections called pedicles
25
what are the pedicles joined together posteriorly by
lamina
26
another term for spinal canal
vertebral foramen
27
what does the spinal canal contain
spinal cord, fat, connective tissue, and blood supply of the cord
28
what is below each pedicle
pair of spinal nerves that extends from spinal cord into body
29
what does the pair of spinal nerves that extend from the spinal cord into the body go through
intervertebral foramen
30
what is each vertebrae in human spine separated and cushioned by
intervertebral discs
31
what is the outer ring of the discs called
annulus fibrous
32
what is a complex arrangement of criss-crossing fibrous bands
annulus fibrous
33
where do the annulus fibrous attach at
vertebral bodies
34
the bands of annulus fibrous contain fluid-filled center called what
nucleus pulpous
35
typical cervical spine has what
large spinal canals, oval shaped vertebral bodies, and articular facets
36
how are he articular facets oriented
obliquely
37
what vertebrae is also considered atypical besides first and second cervical
7th cervical
38
what lacks a bifid spinous process
7th cervical
39
what maintains typical vertebral configuration
12 thoracic vertebral
40
what does each head of the ribs articulate with
corresponding vertebral body
41
what are the joints called that the head of each rib articulate with called
costa-vertebral joints
42
what does the tubercles of the rib articulate with
transverse processes of vertebrae at costa-transverse joints
43
what articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull
superior articular facets of first cervical
44
what allows for the 'no' movement of head
superior articular facets w occipital condyles of skull
45
what is a ring like structure
atlas
46
the atlas has what kind of arch
anterior and posterior
47
what bears the weight of the cranium
two large lateral masses on atlas
48
what projects superiorly from its body
dens
49
what does the dens articulate with
anterior tubercle of atlas
50
what allows for the 'yes' movement of the head
the dens articulating with the anterior tubercle of the atlas
51
what are the characteristics of the cervical spine
bifid spinous process and transverse foramina
52
what house the vertebral arteries
transverse foramina
53
1st and 2nd vertebrae are what
atypical
54
what is referred to as the atlas
first cervical
55
what is the second cervical
axis
56
what is remarkable for having no body or spinous process
atlas
57
what contains the odontoid process
axis
58
what articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull
superior articular facets of first cervical
59
what is a complex arrangement of criss-crossing fibrous bands
annulus fibrous
60
where do the annulus fibrous attach at
vertebral bodies
61
the bands of annulus fibrous contain fluid-filled center called what
nucleus pulpous
62
typical cervical spine has what
large spinal canals, oval shaped vertebral bodies, and articular facets
63
how are the spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae generally shaped
long and slender
64
which part of spine has characteristically larger bodies increasing in size
L1-L5
65
what junction is the entire weight of the upper body transferred to the pelvis and lower extremities
L5-S1
66
how many does the sacrum consist of
5 fused vertebral segments
67
what forms the lateral masses on the sacrum
transverse processes
68
what is another term for the lateral masses of the sacrum
ala
69
what do the ala articulate with
pelvic bones at SI joints
70
what is located within lateral masses
2 rows of sacral foramina
71
what do the sacral foramina allow for
passages of nerves
72
what is the ridge on the anterior surface of the sacrum called
sacral promontory
73
what serves as a landmark separating the abdominal and pelvic cavities
sacral promontory
74
what is the sacral hiatus
the opening at inferior border of 5th sacral segment
75
what marks last segment of vertebral column
coccyx
76
what is the job of coccyx
help protect soft tissue structures of pelvis
77
what is primary nervous pathway connecting brain to the trunk and periphery of the body
spinal cord
78
where does the spinal cord begin and end
medulla oblongata and conus medullaris
79
what is the level of spine at which the cord cuts off at
L1-L2
80
what is several bundles that continue from the terminal end of spinal cord termed
cauda equina
81
white matter comprises which part of cord
external border
82
gray matter comprises which portion of cord
the core
83
ventricular system of the brain continues in spinal cord as the what
central canal
84
in cross section, what does the gray matter of the cord have an appearance of
a butterfly
85
what are the anterior projections of the gray matter termed
ventral horns
86
what are the posterior projections of gray matter termed
dorsal horns
87
what are the spaces between each meninge used for
diagnostic and treatment procedures
88
space between pia and arachnoid mater
subarachnoid
89
what does subarachnoid space surround
spinal cord
90
what circulates CSF
subarachnoid space
91
which space is often accessed when performing a lumbar puncture to sample CSF
subarachnoid space
92
what is space between dura mater and bone
epidural space
93
what space is accessed to deliver anesthetic numbing agents
epidural space
94
how many pairs of spinal nerves branch from the spinal cord and extend into various portions of the body
31
95
what do the spinal nerves carry and where
electrical signals back and forth between body and spinal cord
96
each spinal nerve has two what
roots
97
dorsal root has widened portioned termed
dorsal root ganglia
98
what does the dorsal root ganglia contain
the nerve cell bodies of sensory neurons
99
after leaving spinal cord, ventral and dorsal roots fuse together to from what
individual spinal nerves
100
where do the individual spinal nerves travel
down spinal canal alongside the cord until they exit the vertebral canal at the intervertebral foramina
101
how are spinal nerves named and numbered
according to vertebral level at which they exit the vertebral column
102
how many cervical spinal canals are there
8, numbered C1-C8
103
how many nerves are there fro the coccyx
1 coccygeal nerve
104
what are the four major ligaments of the spine
ligamentum flavum, anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) and the interspinous ligament
105
what are continuous bands that run from the top to the bottom of the spinal column along the vertebral bodies
ALL and PLL
106
what does the ALL and PLL prevent
excessive movement of the vertebral bodies
107
which ligament attaches between the lamina of each vertebra
ligamentum flavum
108
which ligament attached the spinous processes of adjoining vertebrae
interspinous
109
what are the 3 categories of muscles that affect the movement of the spine
superficial layer, intermediate later, and the deep later
110
what is an example of superficial layer
splenius muscles
111
where are splenius muscles located
lateral and posterior aspects of the cervical and upper thoracic
112
what is an example of intermediate layer
erector spinae group
113
what consists of several massive msucles that form the prominent bulge on each side of the posterior vertebral column
erector spinae muscle group
114
which muscles are the chief extender muscles of the thoracic and lumbar spine
erector spinae muscle group
115
what is an example of the deep layer
transversospinal muscles
116
where are the transversospinal muscles positioned at
between the transverse and spinous processes of the vertebrae
117
what do the transversospinal muscles help
to flex and rotate the vertebral column
118
what are two additional muscle groups commonly imaged in the lower vertebral column
quadraus lumborum and psoas muscles
