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sectional anatomy > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

what is largest cavity in human body

A

abdomen

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2
Q

what is the abdomen bounded in front and at the sides by

A

abdominal and iliac muscles

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3
Q

what is abdomen bounded by behind

A

vertebral column, psoas and quadrates lumborum muscles

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4
Q

what is abdomen bounded by above

A

by diaphragm

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5
Q

what is abdomen bounded by below

A

a plane extending from the sacral prominens

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6
Q

what does the abdomen contain

A

greater part of digestive tube, accessory organs to digestion, spleen, kidneys, and adrenal glands

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7
Q

what are most of the structures in the abdomen covered and supported by

A

an extensive and complicated serous membrane

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8
Q

what is the serous membrane called that supports and covers structures in abd

A

peritoneum

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9
Q

what is the largest serous membrane in the body

A

peritoneum

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10
Q

what has several folds extending into the abdomen itself

A

peritoneum

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11
Q

what are the peritoneal organs

A

liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, ovaries, and majority of intestines

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12
Q

what are the peritoneal organs enclosed within

A

the peritoneum

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13
Q

where are the retroperitoneal organs located

A

outside the peritoneal space (posterior)

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14
Q

what are the retroperitoneal organs

A

kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum, aorta, IVC

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15
Q

what are the retroperitoneal organs in the pelvis

A

bladder, uterus, and prostate gland

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16
Q

what part of colon is also fixed primarily in retroperitoneum

A

ascending and descending

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17
Q

several folds of the peritoneum extend in the viscera to do what

A

support, enclose, and supply vasculature to the abdominal organs

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18
Q

what are the extensions of the folds of the peritoneum extending into the viscera

A

mesentery and omentum

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19
Q

where does the mesentery attache to

A

small bowel

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20
Q

what is a pair of folds, greater and lesser, attaching to the stomach

A

omentum

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21
Q

what are other extensions of peritoneum

A

ligaments

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22
Q

what do the ligaments do

A

connect organs and anchor them to the abdominal wall

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23
Q

what is the liver divided by

A

fissures and tendons

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24
Q

how many lobes of the liver are there

A

4

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25
Q

what are the 4 lobes of liver

A

right, left, caudate, and quadrate

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26
Q

what lobe of liver is largest

A

right

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27
Q

what does right lobe of liver occupy

A

larger portion of right upper quadrant

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28
Q

where is gallbladder visualized in sectional imaging

A

inferior surface of the liver

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29
Q

where does the liver get the venous blood from

A

portal vein

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30
Q

where does the portal vein itself receive blood from

A

superior mesenteric (SMV), inferior mesenteric (IMC) and splenic veins

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31
Q

where does the arterial blood supply to the liver originate from

A

common hepatic artery

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32
Q

what is one of the three branches of the celiac trunk

A

common hepatic artery

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33
Q

where is the spleen located

A

left upper quadrant

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34
Q

where is the spleen’s upper pole related to

A

lower ribs

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35
Q

where does the most inferior part of the spleen extend to

A

L2

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36
Q

where does the spleen’s arterial blood supply come from

A

splenic artery

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37
Q

what is one of the three branches of the celiac trunk

A

splenic artery

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38
Q

the splenic vein receives the _______ vein then merges with _________ vein to form the ________ vein

A

inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric, portal

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39
Q

what is a highly vascular organ that is residence to cells of the reticuloendothelial system

A

spleen

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40
Q

what are those cells involved in producing (spleen)

A

antibodies and opsonins to foreign invaders

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41
Q

the spleen can be a source of significant ___________ in patients who have sustained blunt abdominal trauma to left upper quadrant

A

hemorrhage

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42
Q

where is the pancreas located

A

upper abdomen

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43
Q

what is the 4 parts of pancreas

A

head, body, tail and uncinate process

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44
Q

what is the head of the pancreas surrounded by

A

duodenum

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45
Q

where does the tail of the pancreas lay

A

in spleno-renal ligament

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46
Q

where does the tail of pancreas enter the spleen

A

hilum of spleen

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47
Q

the common bile duct traverses through what

A

head of pancreas and joins with the pancreatic duct

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48
Q

where does the common bile duct and pancreatic duct join at to empty bile into duodenum

A

ampulla of Vater

49
Q

in axial imaging, the splenic artery and vein can be visualized on the what surface of pancreas before arriving at spleen

A

posterior

50
Q

what are retroperitoneal organs located in posterior abdomen

A

kidneys

51
Q

which kidney is situated 2-8 cm lower than the other

A

right

52
Q

what is the reason for right kidney to be lower than left

A

because of position of liver

53
Q

what are the kidneys surrounded by

A

distinct layer of fascia

54
Q

what is the fascia around the kidneys called

A

Gerota

s renal fascia

55
Q

what is the point of the renal fascia

A

separates the fat surrounding the kidney into the prinephric and paranephric fat

56
Q

each of the pyramids in the medulla come together to form what

A

the papilla

57
Q

how many pyramids are there in the medulla

A

9-14

58
Q

the pyramid is home to the what

A

Henle’s loops and collecting ducts

59
Q

each of the papillae come together to form the what

A

minor calyx

60
Q

what does the minor calyx join to form

A

4-6 major calyces

61
Q

the calyces form the what

A

renal pelvis

62
Q

what drains into the ureter

A

renal pelvis

63
Q

where do the kidneys receive arterial blood from

A

renal arteries

64
Q

what are the renal arteries branches of

A

abdominal aorta

65
Q

venous blood leaves the kidneys via

A

renal veins

66
Q

what are the structures of the renal hilum in cross section from top to bottom

A

renal artery, renal vein, and renal pelvis and ureter

67
Q

what is almost always larger than renal artery

A

renal vein

68
Q

where do the adrenal glands lie

A

superior and medial to kidneys bilaterally

69
Q

how do adrenal glands appear in cross sectional

A

shape of V or Y - unless influenced by pathologic conditions

70
Q

the adrenal glands are divided into the what

A

medulla and cortex

71
Q

what is the anatomy of stomach divided into

A

cardia, fundus, body, antrum, and pylorus

72
Q

what is the intersection of the stomach and esophagus

A

cardia

73
Q

what is most superior aspect of stomach

A

fundus

74
Q

body of stomach gives way to the distal stomach which includes what

A

the antrum and pylorus

75
Q

what describes the beginning of the distal stomach

A

antrum

76
Q

the pylorus is the ___ cm canal of the stomach that gives way to the ____?

A

3, duodenum

77
Q

internal surface of the stomach is composed of numerous what

A

folds

78
Q

what is longest aspect of GI tract

A

small bowel

79
Q

what does the small bowel usually measure

A

6-7 meters

80
Q

what are the difference divisions of the small bowel

A

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

81
Q

what is SB visualized as

A

numerous nondescript loops of soft tissue focused in center of abdomen

82
Q

what does SB begin as

A

duodenum

83
Q

what does duodenum do

A

wraps around head of pancreas

84
Q

where does the duodenum end as

A

ileum at ileo-cecal junction

85
Q

what is arterial blood supplied to SB by

A

SMA

86
Q

what is first subdivision of large bowel

A

ascending colon

87
Q

what is large bowel characterized by

A

large sacculations

88
Q

what are the large sacculations termed as

A

haustra

89
Q

what can be pathologically absent

A

haustra

90
Q

on right abdominal wall, ascending colon beins as what

A

cecum

91
Q

what is a sac like projection of the large bowel below the level of ileo-cecal junction

A

cecum

92
Q

where does the vermiform appendix extends from

A

cecum at this same level

93
Q

arterial blood supply to the cecum and ascending colon ultimately comes form what

A

SMA

94
Q

at what flexture does the ascending colon become the transverse colon

A

hepatic

95
Q

what is longest part of colon

A

transverse colon

96
Q

where is transverse colon visualized

A

upper abdomen near its anterior surface

97
Q

blood supply to the transverse colon comes from where

A

a branch of the superior mesenteric artery

98
Q

at what flexture does the transverse colon continue as the descending colon

A

splenic

99
Q

what part of colon is also retroperitoneal and derives its blood supply from the left colic branch of inferior mesenteric artery

A

descending

100
Q

which side of body is descending colon located on

A

left side of abdomen

101
Q

what does descending colon continue as

A

sigmoid colon in the pelvis

102
Q

what is a large vein that returns blood to heart from lower part of body

A

IVC (inferior vena cava)

103
Q

what all is the IVC a reservoir for

A

common iliac, lumbar, right gonadal, renal, right adrenal, and hepatic veins

104
Q

where do IVC and SVC empty into

A

right atrium

105
Q

what position does the IVC assume to the right of aorta, near the spine as it ascends from the abdomen into thorax

A

retroperitoneal

106
Q

the IVC traverses its own what in the diaphragm to enter the thorax

A

foramen

107
Q

what is formed by the confluence of the inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric and splenic veins

A

hepatic portal vein

108
Q

what does the portal vein bring into liver

A

nutrients absorbed from intestines

109
Q

where does the cells process the nutrients at

A

liver

110
Q

in cross sectional, the portal vein and its subsidiaries is apparent at the what

A

hilum of liver anterior to the IVC

111
Q

where does abdominal aorta travel in the abdomen

A

anterior to vertebral column

112
Q

aorta is _______

A

retroperitoneal

113
Q

where does aorta traverse through the diaphragm at

A

a foramen located at T12

114
Q

what does aorta do after it traverses through the foramen located at T12

A

bifurcates into common iliac vessels

115
Q

what level is the bifurcation of aorta near

A

level of umbilicus

116
Q

what is the order of the branches off the aorta superior to inferior

A

celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, right and left renal artieres, inferior mesenteric artery

117
Q

what branches into three vessels

A

celiac trunk

118
Q

what is the order from right to left of the branches of the celiac trunk

A

common hepatic artery, left gastric artery, and splenic artery

sectional anatomy (14 decks)

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