Abdomen Flashcards
1
Q
what is largest cavity in human body
A
abdomen
2
Q
what is the abdomen bounded in front and at the sides by
A
abdominal and iliac muscles
3
Q
what is abdomen bounded by behind
A
vertebral column, psoas and quadrates lumborum muscles
4
Q
what is abdomen bounded by above
A
by diaphragm
5
Q
what is abdomen bounded by below
A
a plane extending from the sacral prominens
6
Q
what does the abdomen contain
A
greater part of digestive tube, accessory organs to digestion, spleen, kidneys, and adrenal glands
7
Q
what are most of the structures in the abdomen covered and supported by
A
an extensive and complicated serous membrane
8
Q
what is the serous membrane called that supports and covers structures in abd
A
peritoneum
9
Q
what is the largest serous membrane in the body
A
peritoneum
10
Q
what has several folds extending into the abdomen itself
A
peritoneum
11
Q
what are the peritoneal organs
A
liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, ovaries, and majority of intestines
12
Q
what are the peritoneal organs enclosed within
A
the peritoneum
13
Q
where are the retroperitoneal organs located
A
outside the peritoneal space (posterior)
14
Q
what are the retroperitoneal organs
A
kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum, aorta, IVC
15
Q
what are the retroperitoneal organs in the pelvis
A
bladder, uterus, and prostate gland
16
Q
what part of colon is also fixed primarily in retroperitoneum
A
ascending and descending
17
Q
several folds of the peritoneum extend in the viscera to do what
A
support, enclose, and supply vasculature to the abdominal organs
18
Q
what are the extensions of the folds of the peritoneum extending into the viscera
A
mesentery and omentum
19
Q
where does the mesentery attache to
A
small bowel
20
Q
what is a pair of folds, greater and lesser, attaching to the stomach
A
omentum
21
Q
what are other extensions of peritoneum
A
ligaments
22
Q
what do the ligaments do
A
connect organs and anchor them to the abdominal wall
23
Q
what is the liver divided by
A
fissures and tendons
24
Q
how many lobes of the liver are there
A
4
25
what are the 4 lobes of liver
right, left, caudate, and quadrate
26
what lobe of liver is largest
right
27
what does right lobe of liver occupy
larger portion of right upper quadrant
28
where is gallbladder visualized in sectional imaging
inferior surface of the liver
29
where does the liver get the venous blood from
portal vein
30
where does the portal vein itself receive blood from
superior mesenteric (SMV), inferior mesenteric (IMC) and splenic veins
31
where does the arterial blood supply to the liver originate from
common hepatic artery
32
what is one of the three branches of the celiac trunk
common hepatic artery
33
where is the spleen located
left upper quadrant
34
where is the spleen's upper pole related to
lower ribs
35
where does the most inferior part of the spleen extend to
L2
36
where does the spleen's arterial blood supply come from
splenic artery
37
what is one of the three branches of the celiac trunk
splenic artery
38
the splenic vein receives the _______ vein then merges with _________ vein to form the ________ vein
inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric, portal
39
what is a highly vascular organ that is residence to cells of the reticuloendothelial system
spleen
40
what are those cells involved in producing (spleen)
antibodies and opsonins to foreign invaders
41
the spleen can be a source of significant ___________ in patients who have sustained blunt abdominal trauma to left upper quadrant
hemorrhage
42
where is the pancreas located
upper abdomen
43
what is the 4 parts of pancreas
head, body, tail and uncinate process
44
what is the head of the pancreas surrounded by
duodenum
45
where does the tail of the pancreas lay
in spleno-renal ligament
46
where does the tail of pancreas enter the spleen
hilum of spleen
47
the common bile duct traverses through what
head of pancreas and joins with the pancreatic duct
48
where does the common bile duct and pancreatic duct join at to empty bile into duodenum
ampulla of Vater
49
in axial imaging, the splenic artery and vein can be visualized on the what surface of pancreas before arriving at spleen
posterior
50
what are retroperitoneal organs located in posterior abdomen
kidneys
51
which kidney is situated 2-8 cm lower than the other
right
52
what is the reason for right kidney to be lower than left
because of position of liver
53
what are the kidneys surrounded by
distinct layer of fascia
54
what is the fascia around the kidneys called
Gerota
| s renal fascia
55
what is the point of the renal fascia
separates the fat surrounding the kidney into the prinephric and paranephric fat
56
each of the pyramids in the medulla come together to form what
the papilla
57
how many pyramids are there in the medulla
9-14
58
the pyramid is home to the what
Henle's loops and collecting ducts
59
each of the papillae come together to form the what
minor calyx
60
what does the minor calyx join to form
4-6 major calyces
61
the calyces form the what
renal pelvis
62
what drains into the ureter
renal pelvis
63
where do the kidneys receive arterial blood from
renal arteries
64
what are the renal arteries branches of
abdominal aorta
65
venous blood leaves the kidneys via
renal veins
66
what are the structures of the renal hilum in cross section from top to bottom
renal artery, renal vein, and renal pelvis and ureter
67
what is almost always larger than renal artery
renal vein
68
where do the adrenal glands lie
superior and medial to kidneys bilaterally
69
how do adrenal glands appear in cross sectional
shape of V or Y - unless influenced by pathologic conditions
70
the adrenal glands are divided into the what
medulla and cortex
71
what is the anatomy of stomach divided into
cardia, fundus, body, antrum, and pylorus
72
what is the intersection of the stomach and esophagus
cardia
73
what is most superior aspect of stomach
fundus
74
body of stomach gives way to the distal stomach which includes what
the antrum and pylorus
75
what describes the beginning of the distal stomach
antrum
76
the pylorus is the ___ cm canal of the stomach that gives way to the ____?
3, duodenum
77
internal surface of the stomach is composed of numerous what
folds
78
what is longest aspect of GI tract
small bowel
79
what does the small bowel usually measure
6-7 meters
80
what are the difference divisions of the small bowel
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
81
what is SB visualized as
numerous nondescript loops of soft tissue focused in center of abdomen
82
what does SB begin as
duodenum
83
what does duodenum do
wraps around head of pancreas
84
where does the duodenum end as
ileum at ileo-cecal junction
85
what is arterial blood supplied to SB by
SMA
86
what is first subdivision of large bowel
ascending colon
87
what is large bowel characterized by
large sacculations
88
what are the large sacculations termed as
haustra
89
what can be pathologically absent
haustra
90
on right abdominal wall, ascending colon beins as what
cecum
91
what is a sac like projection of the large bowel below the level of ileo-cecal junction
cecum
92
where does the vermiform appendix extends from
cecum at this same level
93
arterial blood supply to the cecum and ascending colon ultimately comes form what
SMA
94
at what flexture does the ascending colon become the transverse colon
hepatic
95
what is longest part of colon
transverse colon
96
where is transverse colon visualized
upper abdomen near its anterior surface
97
blood supply to the transverse colon comes from where
a branch of the superior mesenteric artery
98
at what flexture does the transverse colon continue as the descending colon
splenic
99
what part of colon is also retroperitoneal and derives its blood supply from the left colic branch of inferior mesenteric artery
descending
100
which side of body is descending colon located on
left side of abdomen
101
what does descending colon continue as
sigmoid colon in the pelvis
102
what is a large vein that returns blood to heart from lower part of body
IVC (inferior vena cava)
103
what all is the IVC a reservoir for
common iliac, lumbar, right gonadal, renal, right adrenal, and hepatic veins
104
where do IVC and SVC empty into
right atrium
105
what position does the IVC assume to the right of aorta, near the spine as it ascends from the abdomen into thorax
retroperitoneal
106
the IVC traverses its own what in the diaphragm to enter the thorax
foramen
107
what is formed by the confluence of the inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric and splenic veins
hepatic portal vein
108
what does the portal vein bring into liver
nutrients absorbed from intestines
109
where does the cells process the nutrients at
liver
110
in cross sectional, the portal vein and its subsidiaries is apparent at the what
hilum of liver anterior to the IVC
111
where does abdominal aorta travel in the abdomen
anterior to vertebral column
112
aorta is _______
retroperitoneal
113
where does aorta traverse through the diaphragm at
a foramen located at T12
114
what does aorta do after it traverses through the foramen located at T12
bifurcates into common iliac vessels
115
what level is the bifurcation of aorta near
level of umbilicus
116
what is the order of the branches off the aorta superior to inferior
celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, right and left renal artieres, inferior mesenteric artery
117
what branches into three vessels
celiac trunk
118
what is the order from right to left of the branches of the celiac trunk
common hepatic artery, left gastric artery, and splenic artery
