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Part 1 > Spinal Anatomy > Flashcards

Spinal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial venous sinuses are located within ________

A

Dura

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2
Q

Which vertebrae have only one rib articulation?

A

T11

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3
Q

Which foramen is in the middle cranial fossa?

A

Foramen rotundum

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4
Q

What goes through foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary

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5
Q

What goes through foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular

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6
Q

What goes through foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal

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7
Q

The vertebral artery goes through the __________

A

Foramen magnum

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8
Q

Which does not go thru the FM?

A

CNX

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9
Q

Top of pelvic brim corresponds to ________

A

Inlet

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10
Q

What branchial arch is responsible for external auditory meatus?

A

1

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11
Q

Which is involved with swallowing reflex?

A

Medulla Oblongata

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12
Q

Which cranial nerve comes off the posterior aspect of midbrain?

A

IV

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13
Q

Which nerve is responsible for taste on soft palate?

A

VII

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14
Q

Confluence of the sinuses is found on which bone?

A

Occipital

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15
Q

Which nerve is not part of the visual pathway?

A

Oculomotor

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16
Q

Forward flexion would cause stretching to which ligament that connects lamina to lamina?

A

Flava

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17
Q

Which does not originate or attach to C1?

A

Rectus Capitis Posterior major

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18
Q

Which is a border of the sub-occipital triangle?

A

Inf Oblique

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19
Q

Which is the deepest muscle in the neck?

A

(Rotators, multifidus)

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20
Q

Which muscles performs ipsilateral LF and Contralateral Rotation for the head?

A

SCM

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21
Q

What are the accessory muscles of inspiration?

A

Scalene and serratus posterior

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22
Q

What lies between the head of the caudate nucleus and putamen?

A

Anterior portion of internal capsule

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23
Q

What type of joint is the Costovertebral junction?

A

Synovial

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24
Q

The superior and inferior border of _______form IVF?

A

Pedicles

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25
Q

Which is not a border of the IVF?

A

Lamina

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26
Q

Based upon the sup art facet, WOTF has the most motion?

A

C5/6

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27
Q

Thoracic vertebrae have the most motion in what range?

A

Rotation

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28
Q

Which vertebrae is bigger anterior than posterior?

A

L5

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29
Q

Where does the dural sac end?

A

S2

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30
Q

Medial border of lateral ventricle is formed by _________

A

Septum pellucidum

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31
Q

What is the most superior spinal nerve root that can be compressed by posterior disc prolapse?

A

C3

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32
Q

Where is the CSF reabsorbed?

A

Arachnoid villi

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33
Q

The ciliary muscle in the eye causes ____________

A

Lens convergence

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34
Q

The ______ nerve supplies the skin of the occipital region?

A

Greater occipital

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35
Q

Which ligament is on the anterior part of the vertebral canal?

A

PLL

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36
Q

The lingula gyrus receives information from _________

A

Upper contralateral visual field

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37
Q

What bone is the posterior pituitary found on?

A

Sphenoid

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38
Q

Which cranial nerve pierces the parotid?

A

CNVII

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39
Q

Which nerve roots innervate the descending colon?

A

S2-4

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40
Q

How many pierced foramen are in the sacrum? (on 1 side)

A

4

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41
Q

Which innervates the foregut and midgut?

A

CNX

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42
Q

Broca’s area is responsible for?

A

Speech

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43
Q

Which limits extension?

A

ALL

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44
Q

What extends from the tip of the dens to the anterior aspect of foramen magnum?

A

Apical

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45
Q

What is the superior continuation of the PLL?

A

Tectorial membrane

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46
Q

What is responsible for holding the dens in relation to the anterior arch of atlas?

A

Transverse lig

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47
Q

What attaches from the anterior tubercle to the anterior aspect of the foramen magnum?

A

Ant Atlanto-occipital

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48
Q

Which ligaments will prevent extension at C2?

A

ALL

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49
Q

Costosternal (sternocostal) articulation is what type of joint?

A

Synovial

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50
Q

What does not directly articulate with sternum?

A

9th rib

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51
Q

What is part of auditory pathway?

A

Medial geniculate nucleus pathway

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52
Q

What is part of visual pathway?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus pathway

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53
Q

Septum primum and secundum form ________

A

Foramen ovale

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54
Q

Spinothalamic tract decussates where?

A

At level of origin in the spinal cord

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55
Q

Where does the corticospinal tract decussate?

A

At motor decussation at level of C1

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56
Q

Nerve cell bodies for sympathetic fibers leaving the spinal cord as white rami communicans are located?

A

Intermediolateral cell column

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57
Q

Only preganglionic symp fibers go to this structure?

A

Adrenal medulla

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58
Q

Slow dull achy pain is transmitted via?

A

Unmyelinated C fibers

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59
Q

To stimulate hunger response, where are the nuclei located?

A

Hypothalamus

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60
Q

CN V, VI, VII arise from the ___________

A

Pons

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61
Q

Schwann cells are responsible for what?

A

(mylination of peripheral nerve fibers) = Insulation

62
Q

Which cells are responsible for making myelin in CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

63
Q

Which nerves are responsible for innervation of the salivary glands?

A

CN VII & IX

64
Q

What is the location of 3rd ventricle?

A

Diencephalon

65
Q

Conscious proprioception and 2 pt discrimination from the legs is carried by which tracts?

A

fasiculus gracilis

66
Q

Which is involved in the hearing reflexes?

A

Inferior colliculus

67
Q

Which is part of the visual light reflexes?

A

Superior colliculus

68
Q

A bilateral lesion of the hippocampus will present with _____ amnesia?

A

Anterograde

69
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the glottis?

A

CN X

70
Q

What is the function of Blood Brain Barrier?

A

Allows glucose into the brain while keeping foreign particles out

71
Q

Which landmark is not located on the sphenoid?

A

Crista galli (ethmoid)

72
Q

The alignment of superior articular facets in the thoracic spine are located in which direction?

A

Post and Lateral

73
Q

CN IX is derived from?

A

Myelencephalon

74
Q

CN III arises from which region of brain stem?

A

Midbrain

75
Q

Nucleus ambiguous originates from ___________

A

Myelencephalon

76
Q

Smallest dural sinus?

A

Occipital

77
Q

Cell bodies of CN X, XI, XII originate from the ____________

A

Medulla

78
Q

Tract that crosses lamina 7 in the spinal cord that carries pain and temp?

A

Latearal Spinothalamic

79
Q

Aqueous humor that is found in both the anterior and posterior chamber is produced by _________

A

Ciliary process

80
Q

CSF is reabsorbed where?

A

Arachnoid villi

81
Q

Carotid tubercle is at which spinal level?

A

C6

82
Q

What vesicle is the origin of the medulla?

A

Rhombencephalon

83
Q

What connects the ear to nasopharyngeal area?

A

Auditory tube

84
Q

What cells are the macrophages in the CNS?

A

Microglia

85
Q

Tectum of the midbrain is the origin of tectospinal tract it carries sensation for?

A

Vision, hearing

86
Q

Smallest dural sinus?

A

Occipital sinus

87
Q

Vein of Galen drains into?

A

Straight sinus

88
Q

The nucleus ambiguous is associated with which cranial nerves?

A

IX, X, XI

89
Q

White rami communicants are found in which level of spinal column?

A

T8 (T1-L2=symp)

90
Q

Point where the coronal and sagittal suture meets?

A

Bregma

91
Q

What fibers go thru the tract of Lissauer?

A

Thermal, nocioceptive

92
Q

Superior and inferior borders of the IVF are made up of which structure?

A

Pedicles

93
Q

Hair cells are found in _______

A

Organ of Corti

94
Q

Lumbar facets are ____ degrees from horizontal?

A

90

95
Q

The greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves are all ______

A

Postganglionic symp

96
Q

Muscle that flexes the leg is innervated by?

A

Tibial

97
Q

Sensation to posterior and lateral leg comes from which nerve?

A

Sural

98
Q

After leaving the 4th ventricle, where does CSF go?

A

F. Luschka & Foramen of Magendi(e)

99
Q

What lig connects lamina to lamina?

A

Flava

100
Q

Tectorial ligament is a continuation of ________

A

PLL

101
Q

Ligament that arises from anterior foramen magnum and attaches to tip of dens limits which motion?

A

Apical Flexion/Extension

102
Q

Which ligament does not limit extension?

A

Nuchae

103
Q

Cell type that is predominately in ANS?

A

Multipolar

104
Q

Spasticity is most likely assoc with a problem in which regions?

A

(upper motor neuron lesion) Pyramidal decussation

105
Q

Inflammation of superior orbital fissure will NOT result in a loss of?

A

Vision

106
Q

Which tract innervates a diarthrodial joint?

A

Dorsal column

107
Q

A gomphosis is what type of joint?

A

Fibrous

108
Q

Which connective tissue structure attaches the spinal cord to dura?

A

Denticulate lig

109
Q

Which tract decussates at the anterior white commissure?

A

Spinothalamic

110
Q

Adrenal gland is derived from ______

A

cortex from mesoderm & medulla from Neural crest cell

111
Q

Which of these cells are NOT found in CNS?

A

Neurolemmocyte

112
Q

Which terms refers to a joint that has been surgically created?

A

Arthodesis

113
Q

Mamillary processes are located on ________

A

Superior articulate facet

114
Q

Anterior slippage of L5 with breakage of the pars?

A

Spondylolytic Spondylolisthesis

115
Q

Pineal gland is derived from which embryonic structure?

A

Diencephalon

116
Q

Bitemporal hemianopsia is due to a lesion location in WOTF structure?

A

Optic chiasm

117
Q

What separates the cerebellum from the cerebral cortex?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

118
Q

Medial pterygoid muscle is innervated by?

A

CN V

119
Q

Sympathetic post ganglionic fibers that innervate the liver are derived from what levels?

A

T5-T9

120
Q

CN VII passes thru the ______ foramen?

A

Stylomastoid

121
Q

Which nerve does NOT have cutaneous innervation?

A

Subscap

122
Q

T10/11 make up which nerves?

A

Lesser splanchnic

123
Q

Pain fibers are predominately found in which part of the spinal cord?

A

Substantia gelatinosa

124
Q

Which type of fiber is found in middle cerebellar peduncle?

A

Pontocerebellar

125
Q

Which is a parasympathetic reaction?

A

Inc gastric secretion

126
Q

What is the name of the structure that separates cerebral hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebri

127
Q

Superior colliculus will send fibers to which areas?

A

Cervical spine

128
Q

In the cervical spine, what motions will cause a decreased size of IVF?

A

Ipsi-rotation and extension

129
Q

Greater occipital nerve is derived from ________

A

Dorsal rami C2

130
Q

What separates the dura from bone within the vertebral canal?

A

Epidural

131
Q

Which fibers go thru the superior cerebellar peduncle?

A

(fastigioperiventricular, cerebellotegmental, cerebello-olivary, dentate- [cerebello-] rubral, dentate-thalmic,& flocculo-oculomotor)

132
Q

The nucleus that is most associated with sense of taste is?

A

Nucleus of tractus Solitarius

133
Q

What is not part of sphenoid?

A

Crista galli

134
Q

What structure lies behind the basis peduncle? (cerebral peduncle)

A

Substantia nigra

135
Q

Which reflex is dependant upon the sensory component of trigeminal nerve?

A

Blink

136
Q

The superior articular process of atlas facets ______ + ________?

A

Superior and concave

137
Q

The superior articular process of atlas facets ______ + ________?

A

Superior and concave

138
Q

Only unpaired artery in circle of Willis?

A

Anterior communicating artery

139
Q

Which nerve structure contains gamma motor neurons?

A

Ventral horn

140
Q

What encloses the vertebral artery as it enters the foramen magnum?

A

Posterior atlanto-occipital lig

141
Q

Pt presents with loss of vibration, 2 point discrim and proprio in RT lower leg, which region is most likely damaged?

A

Contralateral VPL nucleus

142
Q

Nasolacrimal duct drains into ________

A

Inf Meatus

143
Q

What is characteristic of thoracics?

A

Heart shaped

144
Q

Anterior clinoid processes are located on the _____ of the sphenoid bone?

A

Lesser wing

145
Q

Nerve fibers for sense of olfaction originate from which cell?

A

(olfactory neurons in olfactory epithelium in nose. These terminate on Mitral cells in olfactory bulbs which is origin of olfactory tracts)

146
Q

If a pt has a problem with Brocas area, what problem is seen?

A

Motor aphasia

147
Q

Dorsal scapular nerve does NOT innervate which muscles?

A

Serratus post sup

148
Q

Proprioception, vibration and 2 pt discrimination from RT lower extremities are carried in the?

A

Left Medial leminiscus

149
Q

Primary flexor in cervical spine?

A

Longus colli

150
Q

Lumbar z-joints are innervated by?

A

Medial branch dorsal primary rami

Part 1 (6 decks)

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