spiegel 2 Flashcards
carbamazapine induces
CYP 2C19 and 3A4
including 3A4:
erythromycin
clarithromycin
alprazolam
diazepam
midazolam
cyclosporine
indinavir
ritonavir
saquinavir
diltiazem
nifedipine
amlodipine
verapamil
atorvastatin
simvastatin
aripiprazole
burpspirone
haloperidol
tamoxifen
trazodone
propranolol
zolpidem
zaleplon
methadone
estradiol
progesterone
testosterone
fentanyl
many more.
2C19:
amitriptyline, citalopram, clomipramine, imipramine, warfarin, propranlool, primidone
Essential Tremor rxs
B blockers (propranolol)
Benzo (clonazepam, lorazepam)
Botulinum toxin A
migraine chromosome
19
CNS cysticercosis
invasion of brain by T. solium. (undercooked pork)
Various presentations include epilepsy, focal neuro deficits, hydrocephalus, cognitive decline, meningitis, myelopathy.
most frequent neurological complication of chronic alcohol abuse
alcoholic neuropathy
miller-fisher syndrome
variant of guillain barre:
gait ataxia, areflexia, ophthalmoplegia
cortical vs subcortical dementia
cortical- e.g. Alzheimers. Slow progressive decline, aphasia, dyspraxia, agnosia
subcortical- e.g. Parkinson’s. dysarthria, Extrapyramidal motor abnormalities, apathy, depression
buspar moa
serotonin 1A partial agonist
excitatory neurotransmitters moa
open cation channels that depolarize the cell membrane and increase the likelihood of generating an action potential.
PCP moa
NMDA antagonist
sublimation
a mature defense. Obtaining gratification through transforming a socially unacceptable aim into an acceptable one.
phenelzine moa
MAO-I
Anna Freud
wrote The Ego and Mechanisms of Defense
gave first comprehensive study of defense mechanisms
maintained that all people used some
Sigmund Freud
father of psychoanalysis
focused on libido, aggression, Oedipal complex
Kohut
father of self-psychology
Fromm
defined 5 character types common to WEstern culture
Jung
founded analytic psychology; growth of the personality through one’s experiences
3rd nerve palsy
Diabetes vs aneurysm
eyelid ptosis, pain, diplopia
diabetes- pupil size normal
aneurysm- dilated
lesch nyhan deficiency?
hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
APO E4 what chromosome?
nineteen
tricyclic with most antihistamine activity
doxepin
action potential
First ion channel to open: Na+, flows into the neuron
Ca2+ opens, allowing MORE positive ions to enter.
then Ca2+ act as messengers- critical to the release of neurotransmitter and activate the opening of K+ channels which put a stop to the action potentio through the afterhyperpolarization of the membrane.
abreaction
emotional release after recalling a painful event. Part of psychodynamic therapy
opiates and pupils
pinpoint- using (high)
least sedating trycyclics
desipramine and protriptyline
REM sleep disorder predictive of
Lewy Body
Tourette’s common comorbid with
- ADHD
- OCD
- CD
Mahler’s stages
0-2 mos autism (sleep more than awake)
2-5 mos symbiosis
5-10 mos differentiation
10-18 mos practicing (independence)
18-24 mos rapprochement
2-5 years object constancy (people are permanent)
primary auditory cortex
superior temporal gyrus (Heschl’s)
adjunctive neurotransmitter at NMDA (binds with glutamate) and independent inhibitory neurotransmitter
negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
receptors on spinal cord
glycine
mee’s lines under nails caused by
arsenic poisoning
blue line at the gums from
lead poisoning
most common congenital viral infection newborns
CMV
Most common myopathy over 50
inclusion body myositis
rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthetic pathway
tyrosine hydroxylase
benzos, alcohol, and barbituates target
GABA-A
Ganser’s syndrome
rare dissociative disorder characterized by nonsensical or wrong answers to questions and other dissociative symptoms such as fugue, amnesia or conversion disorder, often with visual pseudohallucinations and a decreased state of consciousness.[1] The syndrome has also been called nonsense syndrome, balderdash syndrome, syndrome of approximate answers, hysterical pseudodementia or prison psychosis.
increases lithium levels significantly
ibuprofen
the 3-hydroxys with no metabolities
L-O-T
for aggression in ID, prisoners, schizophrenia
lithium
benign neonatal convulsins caused by
K channels
poor prognosis in guillain barre
camp jejuni
cause of apoptosis in brain
NMDA recpeptors overstimulated–> calcium influx
Kluver Bucy
stroke to amygdaloid bodies and inferial temporal cortex –> hypersexual, placid, hyper oral
alogia
poverty of speech and thought content
Bowlby
separation response in kids:
- protest
- despair & pain
- detachment and denial of affection
time for RLS dx
3 months
rx lithium toxicity
hemodialysis
NEVER with MAOI
meperidine
