deck 2 Flashcards
increase in IQ over generations is what
Flynn effect
ASD brain cells
Purkinje cells are the output cells of the cerebellar cortex. In patients with ASD, the cerebellum and limbic system are abnormally structured. There is a reduction in the number or atrophy of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum mostly affecting the posterolateral neocerebellar cortex and adjacent archicerebellar cortex.
older people’s sleep
Some changes that occur to the sleep architecture include decreased NREM deep sleep, less sleep duration, more frequent wake-ups (increased fragmentation), shorter NREM-REM cycles, and longer sleep-onset latency.
schizophrenia dopamine pathways
mesolimbic- positive symptoms
mesocortical- negative symptoms
give for TCA overdose?
sodium bicarb
percent schizophrenia die by suicide
5-10%
therapy for narcissists
psychoanalytic
what makes oxytocin?
paraventricular nuclei
vitamin deficiency that leads to signs and symptoms summarized by the 4 Ds mnemonic: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia and death?
Vitamin B3 or niacin deficiency is the most common cause of pellagra. In addition to diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia, it may involve photosensitivity, glossitis, ataxia, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Left untreated, death from the disease will occur within 4 or 5 years. Tryptophan deficiency or diversion of tryptophan by a carcinoid syndrome may also cause pellagra.
only med approved by FDA for MDD with seasonal pattern
bupropion
primary metabolite of norepinephrine
Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)
production of neurotransmitters. Where?
The Ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a group of neurons located in the midbrain. The VTA is the origin of the dopaminergic cell bodies that comprise the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, which is widely implicated in the drug and natural reward circuitry of the brain, cognition, motivation, drug addiction, and several psychiatric disorders. The VTA contains neurons that project to numerous areas of the brain, from the prefrontal cortex to the caudal brainstem and everywhere in between. The pons contains the Locus coeruleus, which produces norepinephrine. The raphe nucleus produces serotonin. The cerebral cortex does not synthesize neurotransmitters.
