Spelling

Question 1

What did Gentry do?

Answer 1

~ he proposed 5 spelling stages that should help teachers nurture ability
~ each stage represents something different from the national curriculum
~ don’t correlate with a specific age

Question 2

What did Heath find?

This is a she

Answer 2

Middle-class kids developed literacy in more formal ways: >parents placed explicit value on books/ literacy activities >children more familiar with type of literacy expected in school
>children more successful in school

In other communities literacy involving oral storytelling MORE THAN book reading:
> children less successful in schl

Argued that schools should value diff types of literacy taking place at home

Question 3

What did Vygotsky say?

Answer 3

Children seek out ways to make use of symbolic systems whilst enegaged in process of learning
~writing for the benfit of the teacher to help eliminate SPAG errors rather than to communicate info
~ZPD- children reach a stage and can attempt with support ad then do alone ] based on individ. needs RATHER THAN pushing children to reach gov. targets

Question 4

What is Bruner’s theory of scaffolding?

Answer 4

children are active in own development but seek & need outside support to guide them

Question 5

What else did Bruner say?

Answer 5

Interaction with books is important for creativity = helps children recreate structure, title, accompanying pictures e.g. once upon a time

Question 6

What did Fischer say?

Answer 6

children may do ‘mirroring’ beacuse they impicitly extract the statistical regularity that most characters face right = misapply this rule (b ~ d)

Question 7

Features of the pre-communicative stage of spelling

Answer 7

• make up own writing
• scribbling shows they understand letters have meaning (pre-letter writing)
• some letter shapes
• may use repetiion of familiar letters (e.g. letters in child’s name)

Question 8

Features of the semi-phonetic stage of spelling

Answer 8

• link sounds & shapes
• awareness of word boundaries (leaves rabdom spaces in writing)
• shows letter-sound correspondance > usues intial consonants, partial mapping of word (2 or 3 letters)

Question 9

Features of the phonetic stage of spelling

Answer 9

• understand that phonemes can be represented by graphemes
• total mapping of letter0sound correspondence
• spaces words correctly
• vowels omitted when not heard
• letters assigned stricly on basis of sound (br = bar, prt = party)

Question 10

Features of the transitional stage of spelling

Answer 10

• combine phonetic knowledge with memory
• awareness of combination of letters
• vowels appear in every syllable
• silent ‘e’ pattern becomes fixed
• inflectional ending (‘s’, ‘-ing’)
• reverse some letters (from = form)

Question 11

Features of the conventional stage of spelling

Answer 11

• knows spelling systems & rules
• and about word structure

Question 12

What are the 5 stages of spelling?

Answer 12

1. Pre-communicative
2. Semi-phonetic
3. Phonetic
4. Transitional
5. Conventional

Question 13

What are the 5 types of spelling mistake?

Answer 13

1. Insertion
2. Omission
3. Substitution
4. Graphemic substitution
5. Transposition

Question 14

What did Bromley find?

Answer 14

• children opt for nonstandard spelling 30% of the time
• “fing” instead of “thing”, “drand” instead of “drowned”
• BUT too many rules could stifle individuality > creativity with lang & identity - children are required to learn a word that’s not reflective of what they say
• child making mistake (like “normel”) shows they’re aware of spelling rules & how to combine lettersto make certain sounds, but the incosistencies in Eng. are challenging & test memory