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eng216: principles and theories of language acquisition and learning > Speech vs Communication vs Language > Flashcards

Speech vs Communication vs Language Flashcards

1
Q

It is a verbal means of communicating. It also includes (but not limited to) writing, drawing, and manual signing.

A

Speech

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2
Q

Speech involves other components such as…

A
  • Voice quality
  • Intonation
  • Rate
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3
Q

Aside from speech, what are the other means of f2f human communication?

A
  • Gestures
  • Facial expressions
  • Body posture
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4
Q

In f2f conversation, non-speech means may carry up to what percent of information?

A

60%

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5
Q

This affects the person’s ability to form the sounds that allow them to communicate with other people.

A

Speech disorders

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6
Q

This disorder prevents people from forming correct speech sounds.

A

Speech disorders

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7
Q

This disorder affects a person’s ability to learn words or understand what others say to them.

A

Language disorder

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8
Q

What are some types of speech disorder?

A
  • Stutterting
  • Apraxia
  • Dysarthia
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9
Q

This refers to a speech disorder that interrupts the flow of speech.

A

Stuttering

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10
Q

People who stutter experiences these following types of disruption…

A
  • Repetitions
  • Blocks
  • Prolongations
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11
Q

This occurs when people involuntarily repeat sounds, vowels, or words.

A

Repetitions

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12
Q

This happens when people know what they want to say but have difficulty making the necessary speech sounds. It may cause someone to feel as though their words are stuck.

A

Blocks

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13
Q

This refers to the stretching or drawing out of particular sounds/words.

A

Prolongations

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14
Q

These 3 can sometimes cause stuttering to become more severe.

A
  • Stress
  • Frustration
  • Excitement
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15
Q

Stuttering can cause both behavioural and physical symptoms that occur at the same time, which includes:

A
  • tension in the face and shoulders
  • rapid blinking
  • lip tremors
  • clenched fists
  • sudden head movements
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16
Q

The 2 main types of stuttering:

A
  • Development
  • Neurological
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17
Q

This affects young children who are still learning speech and language skills, which means since birth. Genetic factors significantly increase a person’s likelihood of developing this type.

A

Developmental

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18
Q

This occurs when damage to the brain prevents proper coordination between the different regions of the brain that play a role in speech.

A

Neurogenic

19
Q

Most of the brains conscious in speech is … and …

A

Unconscious and automatic

20
Q

This is a general term referring to brain damage that impairs a person’s motor skills and it can affect any part of the body.

A

Apraxia

21
Q

This refers specifically to the impairment of motor skills that affect an individual’s ability to form the sounds of speech correctly even when they know which words they want to say.

A

Apraxia of speech/Verbal apraxia

22
Q

This occurs when damaged to the brain cause muscle weakness in person’s face, tongue, throat, etc. Muscle weakness in these parts of the body can make speaking very difficult.

A

Dysarthia

23
Q

People who have dysarthia experience what symptoms?

A
  • Slurred speech
  • Mumbling
  • Speaking too slowly
  • Soft/quiet speech
  • difficulty moving the mouth or tongue
24
Q

It is defined as a socially shared code of conventional system of representing concepts through the use of arbitrary rule-governed combination of symbols.

A

Language

25
Q

It is a complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols that is used in various models for thought and communication.

A

Language

26
Q

Language evolved within specific, h…,. s…, and c… context.

A

historical, social, cultural

27
Q

Language, as a rule-governed behaviour is described by at least 5 parameters.

A

Syntax, Morphology, Phonology, Semantics, Pragmatics

28
Q

Language learning and use are determined by the intervention of b…, c…, p…, and e… factors.

A

biological, cognitive, psychosocial, environmental

29
Q

Language exist by virtue of…

A

Social convention

30
Q

It is an impairment that makes it hard for someone to find the right words and form clear sentences when speaking. It can also make it difficult to understand what another person says.

A

Language disorder

31
Q

The 3 types of language disorder

A
  • Receptive language issues
  • Expressive language issues
  • Mixed receptive-expressive language issues
32
Q

These language issues involve difficulty understanding what others are saying.

A

Receptive language issues

33
Q

These language issues involve difficulty expressing thoughts and ideas.

A

Expressive language issues

34
Q

These language issues involve difficulty understanding and using spoken language.

A

Mixed receptive-expressive language issues

35
Q

What causes language disorder?

A
  • genes and heredity
  • prenatal nutrition
  • premature birth, down syndrome, autism, etc.
36
Q

Speech and language are parts of the larger process of this.

A

Communication

37
Q

It is a process participants use to exhange information and ideas, needs, and desires. It is an active process because it involves endecoding, transmitting, and decoding the message.

A

Communication

38
Q

What is it called when the degree of which a speaker is successful in communicating, measured by the appropriateness and effectiveness of the message?

A

Communicative competence

39
Q

The 3 aspects of communication that may enhance or change the linguistic code

A
  • Paralinguistic
  • Nonlinguistic
  • Metalinguistic
40
Q

These code (intonation, stress, speed of delivery, pause) are superimposed on speech to signal attitude or emotion.

A

Paralinguistic codes

41
Q

These cues include gestures, body posture, facial expressions, etc. It also varies with the culture where one gesture is acceptable to others but not to the other culture.

A

Nonlinguistic cues

42
Q

The 3 types of extralinguistic elements

A
  • Paralinguistic
  • Metalinguistic
  • Nonlinguistic
43
Q

The 3 types of language models

A
  • Signing
  • Writing and reading
  • Speech and listening

eng216: principles and theories of language acquisition and learning (12 decks)

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