Speech vs Communication vs Language Flashcards
It is a verbal means of communicating. It also includes (but not limited to) writing, drawing, and manual signing.
Speech
Speech involves other components such as…
- Voice quality
- Intonation
- Rate
Aside from speech, what are the other means of f2f human communication?
- Gestures
- Facial expressions
- Body posture
In f2f conversation, non-speech means may carry up to what percent of information?
60%
This affects the person’s ability to form the sounds that allow them to communicate with other people.
Speech disorders
This disorder prevents people from forming correct speech sounds.
Speech disorders
This disorder affects a person’s ability to learn words or understand what others say to them.
Language disorder
What are some types of speech disorder?
- Stutterting
- Apraxia
- Dysarthia
This refers to a speech disorder that interrupts the flow of speech.
Stuttering
People who stutter experiences these following types of disruption…
- Repetitions
- Blocks
- Prolongations
This occurs when people involuntarily repeat sounds, vowels, or words.
Repetitions
This happens when people know what they want to say but have difficulty making the necessary speech sounds. It may cause someone to feel as though their words are stuck.
Blocks
This refers to the stretching or drawing out of particular sounds/words.
Prolongations
These 3 can sometimes cause stuttering to become more severe.
- Stress
- Frustration
- Excitement
Stuttering can cause both behavioural and physical symptoms that occur at the same time, which includes:
- tension in the face and shoulders
- rapid blinking
- lip tremors
- clenched fists
- sudden head movements
The 2 main types of stuttering:
- Development
- Neurological
This affects young children who are still learning speech and language skills, which means since birth. Genetic factors significantly increase a person’s likelihood of developing this type.
Developmental
This occurs when damage to the brain prevents proper coordination between the different regions of the brain that play a role in speech.
Neurogenic
Most of the brains conscious in speech is … and …
Unconscious and automatic
This is a general term referring to brain damage that impairs a person’s motor skills and it can affect any part of the body.
Apraxia
This refers specifically to the impairment of motor skills that affect an individual’s ability to form the sounds of speech correctly even when they know which words they want to say.
Apraxia of speech/Verbal apraxia
This occurs when damaged to the brain cause muscle weakness in person’s face, tongue, throat, etc. Muscle weakness in these parts of the body can make speaking very difficult.
Dysarthia
People who have dysarthia experience what symptoms?
- Slurred speech
- Mumbling
- Speaking too slowly
- Soft/quiet speech
- difficulty moving the mouth or tongue
It is defined as a socially shared code of conventional system of representing concepts through the use of arbitrary rule-governed combination of symbols.
Language
It is a complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols that is used in various models for thought and communication.
Language
Language evolved within specific, h…,. s…, and c… context.
historical, social, cultural
Language, as a rule-governed behaviour is described by at least 5 parameters.
Syntax, Morphology, Phonology, Semantics, Pragmatics
Language learning and use are determined by the intervention of b…, c…, p…, and e… factors.
biological, cognitive, psychosocial, environmental
Language exist by virtue of…
Social convention
It is an impairment that makes it hard for someone to find the right words and form clear sentences when speaking. It can also make it difficult to understand what another person says.
Language disorder
The 3 types of language disorder
- Receptive language issues
- Expressive language issues
- Mixed receptive-expressive language issues
These language issues involve difficulty understanding what others are saying.
Receptive language issues
These language issues involve difficulty expressing thoughts and ideas.
Expressive language issues
These language issues involve difficulty understanding and using spoken language.
Mixed receptive-expressive language issues
What causes language disorder?
- genes and heredity
- prenatal nutrition
- premature birth, down syndrome, autism, etc.
Speech and language are parts of the larger process of this.
Communication
It is a process participants use to exhange information and ideas, needs, and desires. It is an active process because it involves endecoding, transmitting, and decoding the message.
Communication
What is it called when the degree of which a speaker is successful in communicating, measured by the appropriateness and effectiveness of the message?
Communicative competence
The 3 aspects of communication that may enhance or change the linguistic code
- Paralinguistic
- Nonlinguistic
- Metalinguistic
These code (intonation, stress, speed of delivery, pause) are superimposed on speech to signal attitude or emotion.
Paralinguistic codes
These cues include gestures, body posture, facial expressions, etc. It also varies with the culture where one gesture is acceptable to others but not to the other culture.
Nonlinguistic cues
The 3 types of extralinguistic elements
- Paralinguistic
- Metalinguistic
- Nonlinguistic
The 3 types of language models
- Signing
- Writing and reading
- Speech and listening
