Properties and Components of Language Flashcards
The 6 Properties of Language
- Displacement
- Arbitrariness
- Productivity
- Cultural Transmission
- Discreteness
- Duality
The other 3 properties of language
- Language as a tool
- A rule-governed system
- A generative system
The 5 Components of Language
- Syntax
- Morphology
- Phonology
- Semantics
- Pragmatics
Language can be used to discuss concepts in the present, the past, and the future.
Displacement
If a word is …, it means it is based on individual judgments and perceptions – not based on any objective distinction.
Arbitrariness
It is a feature of all languages that novel utterances are continually being created.
Productivity
You acquire language and culture with other speakers and not from parental genes. A process whereby language is passed on from one generation to the next.
Cultural Transmission
The sounds used in language are meaningfully distinct.
Discreteness
This is how a person associates sounds with meaning. The same phonemes are expressed but organized in a different order to convey different information.
Duality
What is the one purpose of language?
To serve as the code for transmission between people.
The relationship between meaning and symbols employed is an arbitrary one, but the arrangement of the symbols in relation to one another is non-arbitrary.
A rule-governed system
A language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called his or her…
Linguistic competence
Language is a … system because it continues to grow; produce and develop more words.
generative
Refers to the set of rules and principles that dictate how words and phrases should be structured and arranged in a language to form meaningful sentences and statements.
Syntax
This concerned with the internal organization of words; structure and formation of words.
Morphology
The smallest grammatical unit and indivisible without violating the meaning or producing meaningless units.
Morpheme
2 Types of Morphemes
- Free
- Bound
This morpheme is independent and can stand alone. Example of tgis are toy, big, and happy.
Free morphemes
This morpheme is a grammatical markers that cannot function independently. Examples are -s, -est, -un, etc.
Bound morphemes
The aspect of language concerned with the rules governing the structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds and shape of syllables.
Phonology
The smallest linguistic unit of sound that can signal a difference in meaning.
Phonemes
A system of rules governing the meaning or content of word and words combination.
Semantics
The amount of agreement between a language user’s concept and the shared concept of the language community.
Validity
Refers to an alternative referents.
Status
Relates to the ease of retrieval from memory and use of the concept.
Accessibility
The study of language in context and concentrates on language as a communication tool that is used to achieve social ends.
Pragmatics
