Speech Science Flashcards
What are the smallest units of sound that can affect meaning?
phonemes
What are variations of phonemes called, that do not change word meaning?
allophones
What are the four components of sound intelligibility?
respiration, phonation, articulation and resonation
What is the smallest phonetic unit?
syllable
What is a nucleus?
vowel or dipthong in the middle of a syllable
What is a coda?
consonant at the end of a syllable
What sounds need an accompaniement to function?
consonants
What is syllabification?
skill involved in identifying the number of syllables in words
What is distinctive feature analysis?
a system for classifying speech sounds, each phoneme is a collection of independent features
What type of system is distinctive feature analysis?
binary system, presence of a feature is noted by a + or -
What is place-manner-voice analysis?
categorizes consonants in terms of three parameters: place, voice, manner
How is /l/ produced?
placing the front of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and lowering the midsection of the tongue bilaterally.
What are back sounds?
k, g, ng,
What are continuants?
produced with an incomplete point of constriction and airflow is not stopped. /h, r, l, s, z, f, v, w, j, j, 3,sh, th/
What are coronal sounds?
Sounds are produced with the tongue blade raised above the neutral schwa position.
What are tense sounds?
produced with a relatively greater degree of contraction or muscle tension at the root of the tongue
What are high consonants?
k,g,ng,sh,j,ch
What are strident sounds?
ch, d3, 3, sh, s, z, f, v, sounds are produced by forcing the airstream through a small, constricted opening, resulting in an intense noise
What are sonorants?
Produced by allowing the airstream to pass relatively uninterrupted through the nasal or oral cavity with no stoppage point, n,m,ng, l, r, w, j
What sounds are interrupted sounds?
Stops and affricates
what are obstruents?
affricates, fricatives, and stops
What are sibilants?
high frequency sounds that have longer duration and more stidency, ch, d3, s, z, sh, 3
What are approximations?
glides and liquids, they are named such because of the approximating nature of the contact between the two articulators that help form them