Fluency

Question 1

What are associated motor behaviors in stuttering?

Answer 1

excessive muscular effort, various facial grimaces, hand and foot movements, rapid eye blinking, knitting of the eyebrows, lip pursing, rapid opening and closing of mouth, tongue clicking

Question 2

What are breathing abnormalities associated with stuttering?

Answer 2

attempts to speak on inhilation, holding breath before talking, continued attempts to speak even when air supply is exhausted, interruption of inhilations by exhilations, speaking without first inhaling a sufficient amount of air.

Question 3

What types of speech is stuttering more likely to occur?

Answer 3

with consonants, on the first sound or syllable, on the first word, on longer words, with less frequently sued words, on content words

Question 4

What kind of words do preschool children stutter on?

Answer 4

function words-pronouns, conjunctions, repetitions

Question 5

Stuttering when reading has the following characteristics?

Answer 5

adaptation, consistency, adjacency, audience size

Question 6

Who came up with stuttering as speech disruption due to classically conditioned negative emotions?

Answer 6

Brutten and Shoemaker

Question 7

Who developed the stuttering as an avoidance behavior theory?

Answer 7

Johnson (diagnosogenic)

Question 8

Who developed sttutering as approach avoidance?

Answer 8

Sheehan

Question 9

Who developed stuttering as a reaction of tension?

Answer 9

Bloodstein, known as anticipatory struggle hypothesis

Question 10

Who developed stuttering due to demands exceeding capacities?

Answer 10

Bloodstein

Question 11

Who proposed stuttering as a form of psychoneurosis?

Answer 11

freudians

Question 12

What is the fluent-stuttering methods of treatment?

Answer 12

Van Riper, modifying the severity and visible abnormality of stuttering is the most realistic goal for many who stutter, goal is not normal fluency but more fluent stuttering.

Question 13

What steps are involved in the fluent-stuttering method of trweatment?

Answer 13

teach stuttering identification, desensitize, modify stuttering using cancellations, pull-outs, preparatory sets, stabilizing treatment gains, and cousneling the client

Question 14

What is the fluency shaping method of treatment?

Answer 14

establish normal fluency. Teaching various fluency skills like appropriate management of airflow, slower rate of speech, gentle onset of phonation

Question 15

What is involved in fluency shaping methods?

Answer 15

teach fluency skills then move t normal prosodic features

Question 16

What is the fluency reinforcement methods?

Answer 16

Lidcombe, laid back setting, child is reinforced for fluent utterances with verbal praise or tokens

Question 17

What is the masking and delayed auditory feedback technique?

Answer 17

DAF induces a slow speech with reduced prosodic features

Question 18

What do you do for DAF?

Answer 18

Determine the minimum level of auditory masking that induces stutter-free speech, has the client practice stutter-free speech for variable lengths of time, fades the masking noise to reshapd normal prosody while maintaining fluency

Question 19

What are common etiologic factors of neurogenci stuttering?

Answer 19

cerebral vascular disorders, Parkinson’s disease, extrapyramidal disorders, drug toxicity, left hemisphere strokes, TBI

Question 20

What is cluttering?

Answer 20

rapid but disordered articulation, possibly combined with a high rate of dysfluencies and disorganized though and language. It tends to coexist with stuttering

Question 21

What are the characteristics of cluttering?

Answer 21

impaired fluency with excessive amounts of dysfluencies, rapid repetitions of syllables, rapid but disordered articulation, omission and compression of sounds and syllables, jerky or stumbling rhythm, monotonous tone, spoonerisms, lack of personal concern or awareness, lack of anxiety, disorganized thought processes

Question 22

What is the treatment for cluttering?

Answer 22

reducing rate improves fluency, increasing awareness. Rapid, imprecise, jerky and disorganized speech.