Fluency Flashcards
What are associated motor behaviors in stuttering?
excessive muscular effort, various facial grimaces, hand and foot movements, rapid eye blinking, knitting of the eyebrows, lip pursing, rapid opening and closing of mouth, tongue clicking
What are breathing abnormalities associated with stuttering?
attempts to speak on inhilation, holding breath before talking, continued attempts to speak even when air supply is exhausted, interruption of inhilations by exhilations, speaking without first inhaling a sufficient amount of air.
What types of speech is stuttering more likely to occur?
with consonants, on the first sound or syllable, on the first word, on longer words, with less frequently sued words, on content words
What kind of words do preschool children stutter on?
function words-pronouns, conjunctions, repetitions
Stuttering when reading has the following characteristics?
adaptation, consistency, adjacency, audience size
Who came up with stuttering as speech disruption due to classically conditioned negative emotions?
Brutten and Shoemaker
Who developed the stuttering as an avoidance behavior theory?
Johnson (diagnosogenic)
Who developed sttutering as approach avoidance?
Sheehan
Who developed stuttering as a reaction of tension?
Bloodstein, known as anticipatory struggle hypothesis
Who developed stuttering due to demands exceeding capacities?
Bloodstein
Who proposed stuttering as a form of psychoneurosis?
freudians
What is the fluent-stuttering methods of treatment?
Van Riper, modifying the severity and visible abnormality of stuttering is the most realistic goal for many who stutter, goal is not normal fluency but more fluent stuttering.
What steps are involved in the fluent-stuttering method of trweatment?
teach stuttering identification, desensitize, modify stuttering using cancellations, pull-outs, preparatory sets, stabilizing treatment gains, and cousneling the client
What is the fluency shaping method of treatment?
establish normal fluency. Teaching various fluency skills like appropriate management of airflow, slower rate of speech, gentle onset of phonation
What is involved in fluency shaping methods?
teach fluency skills then move t normal prosodic features
What is the fluency reinforcement methods?
Lidcombe, laid back setting, child is reinforced for fluent utterances with verbal praise or tokens
What is the masking and delayed auditory feedback technique?
DAF induces a slow speech with reduced prosodic features
What do you do for DAF?
Determine the minimum level of auditory masking that induces stutter-free speech, has the client practice stutter-free speech for variable lengths of time, fades the masking noise to reshapd normal prosody while maintaining fluency
What are common etiologic factors of neurogenci stuttering?
cerebral vascular disorders, Parkinson’s disease, extrapyramidal disorders, drug toxicity, left hemisphere strokes, TBI
What is cluttering?
rapid but disordered articulation, possibly combined with a high rate of dysfluencies and disorganized though and language. It tends to coexist with stuttering
What are the characteristics of cluttering?
impaired fluency with excessive amounts of dysfluencies, rapid repetitions of syllables, rapid but disordered articulation, omission and compression of sounds and syllables, jerky or stumbling rhythm, monotonous tone, spoonerisms, lack of personal concern or awareness, lack of anxiety, disorganized thought processes
What is the treatment for cluttering?
reducing rate improves fluency, increasing awareness. Rapid, imprecise, jerky and disorganized speech.
