Language Disorders in Children

Question 1

What are typical deficits in children with language disorders?

Answer 1

limited amount of language, deficient grammar, inadequate or inappropriate social communication, deficient nonverbal communication skills, deficient literacy skills

Question 2

What are risk factors for language disorders?

Answer 2

prenatal conditions, perinatal conditions, neonatal conditions, genetic syndromes, environmental factors, prelinguistic communication deficits, failure to respond when asked to point to body parts, follow simple instructions, delayed first word production, lack of social smile, reduced gestures, impaired learning of speech sounds

Question 3

Children that develop typically but have a language disorder are known as what?

Answer 3

specific language impairment, no known etiology

Question 4

What are the two major explanations of SLI?

Answer 4

First is underlying deficits-deficits in cognitive, auditory, perceptual, and intellectual functions that underlie language. The sceond is that SLI reflects normal variation in linguistic skills and that children with SLI are at the lower end of the normal continuum of language skills.

Question 5

What are specific characteristics of children with SLI?

Answer 5

Articulatory and phonological problems, poor intelligibility and speech sound processes, less complex syllable structure, late talkers, slow word acquisition rate, overextension, word finding and word retrieval problems, abstract words, marked morphological problems, shorter utterances, telegraphic speech, pragmatic issues, later problems with reading and writing

Question 6

What do experts believe morphological problems are due to?

Answer 6

perceptual problems, syntactic problems

Question 7

What are morphological problems in children with SLI?

Answer 7

regular and irregular plural morphemes, possessive morphemes, present progressing -ing, third-person singular, articles, auxillary and copula verbs, regular past tense inflections, comparatives and superlatives, confusion with singular and plural forms of words, plural and singular forms of copular verbs, subject case markings, regular and irregular forms of plural and past-tense morphemes

Question 8

What pragmatic skills do SLI children have?

Answer 8

topic initiation, turn taking, topic maintenance, appropriate conversational repair strategies, discourse and narrative skills, staying relevant

Question 9

what is the definition of an initellectual disability?

Answer 9

significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills, orginiating before the age of 18.

Question 10

What is an ID diagnosis based on?

Answer 10

subavergae IQ

Question 11

When is autism diagnosed?

Answer 11

before the age of 3

Question 12

What are characteristics of children with autism?

Answer 12

below average IQ, lack of responsiveness or awareness, preference for solitude, lack of interest in verbal and nonverbal communication, sterotypic body movements and rocking, insistence on routine, dislike of being touched or held, self injurious, seizures, hyper- or hyposensitivity to sensory stimulation

Question 13

What are language problems in children with autism?

Answer 13

lack of response to speech or interest in human voices, slow acquisition of sounds and language, echolalia, preservation, faster learning of concrete words than abstract, pronoun reversal, short simple utterances, difficulty establishing joint reference

Question 14

what does treatment for autism emphasize?

Answer 14

social skills training, systematic and prolonged language training, behavioral management techniques, AAC sometimes

Question 15

what are the two subgroups of brain injuries in children?

Answer 15

injury due to head trauma and those with cerebral palsy

Question 16

What are immediate effects of TBI?

Answer 16

Coma or loss of consciousness, confusion and post-traumatic amnesia, abnormal behaviors, motor dysfunctions

Question 17

What are cognitive and language difficulties associated with TBI?

Answer 17

comprehension problems, word-retrieval problems, syntactic problems, reading and writing problems, pragmatic problems, difficulty with attention and focus, memory problems, inability to recognize one’s own difficulties, reduced speed of information processing, reasoning and organization

Question 18

How do children with TBI need to be assessed?

Answer 18

in natural settings, and not by standardized formats

Question 19

What is cerebral palsy?

Answer 19

a disorder of early childhood in which the immature nervous system is affected. This results in muscular incoordination and associated problems. It is not a disease, but refers to a group of symptoms associated with brain injury in still developing children.

Question 20

Why does CP occur?

Answer 20

prenatal brain injury due to rubella, mumps, accidents or other factors. Perintal brain injury due to prolonged labor, prematurity of breech delivery, postnatal brain injury due to anoxia, accidents, infections, and diseases

Question 21

What are the categorizations of body parts?

Answer 21

hemiplegia, paraplegia, monoplegia, diplegia, quadrilplegia

Question 22

What are the three major types?

Answer 22

ataxic, athetoid, spastic
ataxic-disturbed balance, awkward gait, uncoordinated movements
athetoid-slow, writhing movements, involuntary
spastic- increased spasticity, stiff abrupt, slow, jerky movements