Speech Perception Flashcards

1
Q

frequency

A

how many cycles of sound wave in 1 second
- hertz
perceived as pitch; the higher the frequency, the higher the pitch

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2
Q

amplitude

A
  • perceived as loudness
  • the higher the amplitude, the higher the decibel, the louder the sound is
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3
Q

fundamental frequency

A

lowest frequency tone in a complex tone

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4
Q

complex sound

A

consist of a number of pure tones called harmonics

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5
Q

the second harmonic is ___ as many times as the fundamental freq

A

2x

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6
Q

timbre

A

different instruments playing the same tone can sound different

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7
Q

what is the reason why different instruments can play the same tone but sound different

A

harmonics are playing at different volumes/intensities

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8
Q

what is the range of human hearing

A

20 Hz - 20 0000 Hz

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9
Q

that base of the cochlea is responsive to ___ frequency

A

high; 16000 hz

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10
Q

vocal folds

A

air pushes past them in the larynx to create sound

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11
Q

periodic sound

A

vowels; constant wave form

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12
Q

aperiodic sound

A

consonance; sounds that don’t repeat

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13
Q

phonetics

A

study of specific speech sounds

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14
Q

phonology

A

grammar of language; # of syllables or words that rhyme

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15
Q

phoneme

A

individual sounds of a language
- consonant sound
- major vowel sounds
- letter combos like ch and th

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16
Q

phonation

A

actual sounds that are being produced; combining of different sound

17
Q

prosody

A

adding inflections when speaking

18
Q

formants

19
Q

coarticulation

A

consonant that preceeds changes the sound of the vowel
- ham vs can

20
Q

sonorant

A

voiced phonemes (usually vowels)

20
Q

sonorant

A

consonance that are voiced
- whisper and red

21
Q

fricative

A

produced by restricting airflow
- show, zoo

22
Q

plosive

A

produced by fully blocking air
produces a puff of air
- pin, time

23
Q

voice onset time

A

when voicing starts
- difference of time between a plosive and beginning of a vocal vibration

24
voice onset time
when voicing starts - difference of time between a plosive and beginning of a vocal vibration
25
phonemic restoration experiment
placing in a phoneme that is not explicity there - if you take a phoneme out of a word, you ask the person what word they heard
26
what did participants hear under the silence condition in the phonemic restoration experiment
they will know the phoneme was missing
27
what did participants hear under the cough condition in the phonemic restoration experiment
they will say they heard the phoneme that isn't there
28
phonemic restoration test
play white noise in place of a missing phoneme and you have to identify what the word is
29
static condition of phonemic restoration
mouth is there and word is being said with a missing phoneme but the mouth is not moving
30
incongruent condition of phonemic restoration
word that is being said and the mouth that is saying it is moving backwards (not matching what is being said)
31
congruent condition of phonmic restoration
the mouth mathced the word that is being said
32
mcgurk effect
what we see overrides what we hear
33
motor theory
speech perception results from inferring motor movements within vocal tract
34
unique characteristics of motor theory
- nativist - we are genetically predisposed to speak - modular - human speech is special
35
mirror neurons
- larger response when you watch an aciton film and know the intention behind the action
36
criticisms of motor theory
- babies can understand human speech sounds but can't produce them so how are they mimicing the movements if they can't make the sound - nonhuman animals shouldn't be able to understand human speech but a chinchilla proved it wrong
37
direct realism
sensory signals are organized and require minimal extra processing