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Speech > Speech - Lesson 5 > Flashcards

Speech - Lesson 5 Flashcards

1
Q

All the messages we send in ways that transcend spoken or written words

A

Nonverbal communication

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2
Q

Cues we send with our body, voice, space, time and appearance to support, modify, contradict, or even replace a verbal message

Play an important role in communication

Meaning comes from nonverbal messages we use to communicate in face-to-face interactions

Widespread use of social media and smart phone technology to communicate today

E.g., e-mail, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, texting

A

Nonverbal Messages

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3
Q

Types of nonverbal messages

A

Kinesics - use of body
Paralanguage - use of voice
Proxemics - use of space
Chronemics - use of time
Appearance - including clothing and grooming

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4
Q

Phrase “we cannot NOT communicate”

If you are in a presence of someone else your nonverbal messages are communicating

Ex. when Austin yawns and stares off into the distance during class, one classmate might interpret this as a sign of boredom, fatigue, or another may view it as a message of disrespect

A

Nonverbal communication is inevitable

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5
Q

Interpret how others feel based almost entirely on their nonverbal messages

Ex. when Janelle frowns, clenches her fist, and say I AM NOT ANGRY “her sister is likely to ignore the verbal message and believe the contradicting nonverbal message

A

nonverbal communication is the primary conveyer of emotions

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6
Q

Perceive meaning from a combination of nonverbal behavior including
Posture
Gestures
Facial expressions
Vocal pitch and rate
Appearance

Ex. failure to sustain eye contact, bowed head, repetitive toe-stubbing, it is a sign of lying

A

nonverbal communication is multi-channeled

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7
Q

Very few nonverbal messages mean the same thing to everyone

Ex. direct eye contact tends to be understood as a sign of respect but in other country it might be interpreted as disrespectful

A

Nonverbal communication is ambiguous

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8
Q

What and how body motions communicate
may use gestures, eye contact, facial expression, posture, and touch

Agree or disagree: the lack of nonverbal cues, like paralanguage, in online setups makes us lack empathy.

What are other possible outcomes of this exchange if we use paralanguage (pitch, volume, rate, quality, intonation and vocalized pauses)

A

Kinesics (Use of Body)

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9
Q

Movements of our hands, arms, and fingers to communicate

A

Gestures

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10
Q

Gestures that substitute entirely for a word or words

Ex. we raise a finger and place it vertically across our lips, it signifies “Be quiet”

A

Emblems

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11
Q

Gestures that clarify the verbal message

Ex. when we say “about this high” or “nearly this round” we are likely to gesture to clarify what we mean.

A

Illustrators

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12
Q

Unconscious responses to physical or psychological needs

Ex. we may scratch an itch, adjust our glasses, or jingle the keys in our pockets.

A

Adaptors

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13
Q

How and how much do we look at others when communicating

A

Eye contact (oculesics)

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14
Q

Using facial muscles to communicate emotions

To convey emotions

Ex. we may furrow our brows and squint our eyes when we are confused, or purse our lips and raise one eyebrow to convey skepticism

1982 emoticons have actually been in use

A

Facial expressions

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15
Q

How we position nad move our body

Can communicate attentiveness, respect, and dominance

A

Posture

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16
Q

How we position our body in relation to other people

A

Body orientation

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17
Q

Is when two people face each other squarely
Tends signal attentiveness and respect

Ex. we are likely to sit up straight and face the interviewer directly

A

Direct Body Orientation

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18
Q

Is when two people sit or stand side-by-side

A

Indirect Body Orientation

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19
Q

Changing body position

Ex. when making a speech, an upright stance and squared shoulders communicates poise and confidence

A

Body movement

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20
Q

A movement that helps clarify the meaning

A

Motivated

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21
Q

A movement that distracts listeners from the point being made

A

Unmotivated

22
Q

What and how touch communicates

We may pat, hug, slap, kiss, pinch, stroke, or embrace others

A

Haptics

23
Q

Is automatic and subconscious

Ex. patting someone on the back after learning that he or she won an award is an example of spontaneous touch.

A

Spontaneous Touch

24
Q

Is scripted rather than spontaneous

Ex. handshakes, high-fives, and fist bumps

A

Ritualized Touch

25
Q

Is used to perform a certain unemotional function

Ex. a doctor may touch a patient during a physical examination or a personal trainer may touch a client during a gym workout

A

Task-Related Touch

26
Q

The voiced part of a spoken message goes beyond the actual words

such as your talking speed, pitch, intonation, volume, and more. Example: You might speak quickly if you are excited about something.

Six characteristics of Paralanguage

A

Paralanguage (vocalics)

27
Q

Six characteristics of Paralanguage

A

Pitch
Volume
Rate
Quality
Intonation
Vocalized pauses

28
Q

Highness or lowness of vocal tone

We raise and lower our pitch to signal a question, emphasize ideas, and convey emotions

We may raise our pitch when feeling nervous or afraid

We may lower our pitch to convey sadness

A

Pitch

29
Q

Loudness or softness of vocal tone

Booming voices that carry long distances and others are soft-spoken

Ex. we might talk louder when we wish to be heart in noisy settings and when we are angry

We might speak softer when we are being reflective or romantic

A

Volume

30
Q

The speed at which a person speaks

Ex. people who speak too slowly run the risk of boring listeners

A

Rate

31
Q

The sound of a person’s voice that distinguishes it from others

A

Quality

32
Q

The variety and inflection in one’s voice

Voices that use very little or no intonation are described as monotone and tend to bore listeners

In the health care setting: it signifies sick when the monotone is low

A

Intonation

33
Q

Extraneous sounds or words that interrupt fluent speech

We all use some vocalized pauses in words and phrases

A

Vocalized pauses

34
Q

how space and distance communicate

we communicate through our use of personal space, territorial space, and acoustic space

A

Proxemics

35
Q

the distance we try to maintain when interacting with others

depends on our
- individual preference
- nature of relationship
- cultural norms

A

Personal Space

36
Q

defined as up to 18 inches and is appropriate for private conversations between close friends

A

Intimate Distance

37
Q

from 18 inches to 4 feet

is the space in which casual conversation occurs

A

Personal Distance

38
Q

from 4 to 12 feet

is where impersonal business such as a job interview is conducted

A

Social Distance

39
Q

is anything more that 12 feet

A

Public Distance

40
Q

the physical space over which we claim ownership

we expect others to respect our territory and may feel annoyed or even violated when they do not

A

Territorial Space

41
Q

objects we use to mark our territory

intentional

like how dogs pee to mark their spot

we use artifacts to signal what we expect to happen in the space

A

Artifacts

42
Q

the area over which our voice can be comfortably heard

competent communicators protect acoustic space by adjusting the volume of our

voices to be easily heard by conversational partners
loud cellphones and TikTok violate acoustic space

A

Acoustic Space

43
Q

how we interpret the use of time and it is largely

is the study of the use of time in nonverbal communication. Time perceptions include punctuality, willingness to wait, and interactions. The use of time can affect lifestyles, daily agendas, speed of speech, movements, and how long people are willing to listen.

Is about how we interpret time. Now, how do we interpret the use of time in online setups?

A

Chronemics (Use of Time)

44
Q

how we look to others and is one of the first things others notice and judge

pretty privilege

A

Physical Appearance

45
Q

try to be more consciously aware of msgs you send through your use of body, voice, space, time, and appearance

ask a friend to point them out to you

A

Consciously monitor your nonverbal messages

46
Q

when nonverbal messages contradict verbal messages, people are more likely to believe the nonverbal messages

if you want to be persuasive, use direct eye contact, a serious facial expression, upright posture, a commanding vocal tone, and professional clothing

if you want to be supportive and convey empathy, you might use less direct eye contact, relaxed facial expression, softer voice

For example, if you use warm, caring body language toward your child, it helps your child learn how to express love

A

Intentionally align your nonverbal messages with your purpose

47
Q

ex. you would not dress the same way for a wedding as you would for a workout

A

Adapt your nonverbal messages to the situation

48
Q

these may distract others: fidgeting, tapping your fingers on a table, pacing, mumbling, using lots of pauses, and checking your phone often for texts and emails

A

Reduce or eliminate distracting nonverbal messages

49
Q

when you fidget when bored, it doesn’t mean other people also fidget when bored

A

Remember that the same nonverbal messages may mean different things to different people

50
Q

sleeping while you’re reporting doesn’t mean they are bored of your presentation but only utter exhaustion

A

Consider each nonverbal message in context

51
Q

by taking all nonverbal messages, you’’ interpret the msg more accurately

A

Pay attention to the multiple nonverbal
messages being sent and their relationship to the verbal message

52
Q

sharing two possible interpretations and clarification can make the convo smooth sailing

A

Use perception checking

Speech (5 decks)

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