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Speech > Speech - Lesson 3 > Flashcards

Speech - Lesson 3 Flashcards

1
Q

ones that guide their actual behavior

ex: the US promotes equality but there is still discrimination

A

Real Values

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2
Q

is the system of shared values, beliefs, attitudes, and norms that guide what is considered appropriate among an identifiable group of people

is a way of life

a taken-for-granted rule for how and why we believe and behave as we do
has both ideal and real values

A

Culture

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3
Q

it can be defined as all the behaviors, ways of life, arts, beliefs and institutions of a population that are passed down from generation to generation

A

Culture

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4
Q

it has been called “the way of life for an entire society”

A

Culture

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5
Q

are the commonly accepted standards of what is considered right and wrong, good and evil, fair and unfair, just and unjust, and so on

A

Values

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6
Q

it is ideal that guide or qualify your personal conduct, interaction with others, and involvement in your career, like morals

they help you to distinguish what is right from what is wrong

it informs you on how you can conduct your life in a meaningful way

A

Values

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7
Q

ones that members profess to hold, whereas real values are the ones that guide their actual behavior

A

Ideal Values

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8
Q

interactions that occur between people whose cultures are so different that the communication between them is altered

A

Intercultural Communication

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9
Q

psychological discomfort one feels when engaging in a new cultural situation

each of us is so familiar with our own customs, norms, and values, we may feel anxious when they are disrupted

unfamiliar culture through travel, business, or studying abroad

A

Culture Shock

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10
Q

Example:

Filipinos usually use their hands to eat during fiestas or just a normal lunch. This is not a custom abroad because they use spoons, forks, and knives

Americans are used to calling their elders by their first names but Asian people use “Ates” and “Kuyas”, Oppa and Unnie

A

Culture Shock

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11
Q

is both the means by which culture is transmitted and the way a culture is changed

A

Communication

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12
Q

refers to the learned system of norms held by the majority group of empowered people in a society

A

Dominant Culture

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13
Q

a group comprised of a smaller number of people who hold common values, beliefs, attitudes, and customs that differ from those of the dominant culture.

A

CODE SWITCH

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14
Q

part of our self-concept that is based on how closely we associate with both the dominant culture and various co-cultures

even if you are a pure probinsyano, are still a manilenyo at heart

A

CULTURAL IDENTITY

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15
Q

used to classify people based on physical, biological characteristics (ex. skin, eye color, hair texture, body shape)

the term is now problematic so scholars use populations instead

A

RACE

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16
Q

note:

A

People experience the social effects of perceived race and form co-cultures based on similar experiences with respect to it

example: white men trust the police, but black men do not

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17
Q

refers to shared cultural heritage that is learned rather than inherited

A

Ethnicity

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18
Q

is the language of one’s ethnic heritage and is typically the language a person learns from birth

A

Native Language

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19
Q

consists of biologically determined physical traits

A

Sex

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20
Q

consists of learned roles and communication patterns deemed appropriate for females and males

A

Gender

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21
Q

in American culture, sex and gender tend to be intertwined

A

Sex and Gender

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22
Q

historically, being heterosexual or straight is valued

people who are not heterosexual are mistreated

A

Sexual Orientation

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23
Q

belief system with set o rituals and ethical standards based on a common perception of what is sacred or holy

A

Religion

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24
Q

position of a person or family in the power hierarchy of a society based on income, education, and occupation

A

Socioeconomic Status (SES)

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25
Q

Socioeconomic Status (SES) is divided into three categories

A

High
Middle
Low

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26
Q

tend to perform more disengagement cues (eg. doodling) and fewer engagement cues (heads, nods, and laughs)

A

High

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27
Q

parents tend to emphasize intellectual curiosity

A

Middle

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28
Q

tend to emphasize obedience, acceptance of what others think, and hesitancy in expressing desires to authority figures

A

Low

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29
Q

people born and raised in the same generation may identify with a co-culture distinct from it

when people from different generations interact, their co-cultural orientations can cause communication challenges

A

Age / Generation

30
Q

any physical, emotional, mental, or cognitive impairment that impacts how a person functions in society

A

Disability

31
Q

a group of people who share a distinct set of shared values, beliefs, and attitudes based on their common experiences of being differently abled

A

Disability Co-culture

32
Q

value community, collaboration, shared interests, harmony, the public good, and avoiding embarrassment

value in the interests of the group and group harmony

harmony and cooperation are valued over competition and personal achievement

South and Central America, East and Southeast Asia, and Africa

A

Highly Collectivist Cultures

33
Q

people rely mainly on words to convey meaning

United States, Germany, and Scandinavia use direct, specific, and detailed language

speakers are expected to say exactly what they mean and get to the point

A

Low context cultures

34
Q

much of the speaker’s message is understood from the context

conveyed indirectly and can only be accurate;y interpreted by referring to

unwritten cultural rules and subtle nonverbal behaviors
“reading between the lines”

A

High context cultures

34
Q

much of the speaker’s message is understood from the context

conveyed indirectly and can only be accurate;y interpreted by referring to

unwritten cultural rules and subtle nonverbal behaviors
“reading between the lines”

A

High context cultures

35
Q

is the study of how the perception of time differs among cultures

A

Chronemics

36
Q

view time as a series of small units that occur sequentially

value punctuality, uninterrupted task completion, meeting deadlines, following plans, and doing things one at a time

A

Monochronic Cultures

37
Q

like Latin American, Arab, and Southern European cultures, view time as a continuous flow

appointment times and schedules are perceived as approximate and fluid

comfortable doing several things at once, having a flexible schedule or none at all, and disregarding deadlines to satisfy other needs

A

Polychronic Cultures

38
Q

is the extent to which people desire to predict what is going to happen

A

Uncertainty Avoidance

39
Q

tend to have a high tolerance for uncertainty

United States. Sweden, and Denmark

tolerate uncertainty and are less driven to control unpredictable people, relationships, or events

people tend to accept unpredictability, tolerate the unusual, prize creative initiatives take risks, and think there should be as few rules as possible

A

Low uncertainty avoidance

40
Q

Tend to have a low tolerance for uncertainty

Such as Germany, Portugal, Greece, Peru, and Belgium

Create systems of formal rules as a way to provide more security and reduce risk

A

High Uncertainty-Avoidance Cultures

41
Q

Degree to which power is equally or unequally shared

A

Power Distance

42
Q

Accept unequal power distribution is accepted\

Both high and low power holders

Middle East, Malaysia, Guatemala, Venezuela, and Singapore view unequal power distribution as normal

A

High Power-Distance Cultures

43
Q

Prefer power to be equally distributed

In Australia, Finland, Denmark, Norway, and the United States inequalities in power and status are muted.

A

Low Power-Distance Cultures

44
Q

Adhere to traditional gender roles and behaviors

They value masculine roles more highly than feminine ones

Men act in assertive and dominant ways and women are nurturing, caring, and service-oriented

Characteristics of performance, ambition, assertiveness, and competitiveness

A

Masculine Culture

45
Q

People assume a variety of roles regardless of sex

A

Feminine Culture

46
Q

Value rewards in the here and now

Emphasizes quick results, fulfilling social obligations, and getting to the bottom line efficiently

Value keeping leisure time distinctly separate from working

A

Short-Term Orientation

47
Q

Value rewards that will be realized in the future

Adaptability and honoring relationships are more important than quickly achieving the bottom line

Leisure time is not expected to be separate from working time

A

Long-Term Orientation

48
Q

Emphasizing with and adapting communication patterns based on cultural differences

The process is through a personal narrative of someone who experienced it first-hand

A

Cross-Cultural Adaptation

49
Q

Potential Barriers to Intercultural Communication Competence

A
  1. Anxiety
  2. Assumed similarity or difference
  3. Ethnocentrism
  4. Stereotyping
  5. Incompatible Communication Codes
  6. Incompatible Norms and Values
50
Q

Level of discomfort when entering a cultural setting whose norms and customs are unfamiliar to us

People experience fear, dislike, and distrust

A

Anxiety

51
Q

We cross into an unfamiliar cultural environment

A

Assumed similarity or difference

52
Q

The belief that one’s own culture is superior to others

It exists in every culture to some degree and can occur in co-cultures

An ethnocentric view of the world leads to attitudes of superiority and messages that are condescending in content and tone

A

Ethnocentrism

53
Q

Assuming everyone in a cultural group is the same

Risk engaging in inaccurate and even unethical communication

A

Stereotyping

54
Q

When others speak a different language than we do, it is easy to see that we have incompatible communication codes

Co-cultural groups will often develop “in-group” codes that are easily understood by co-culture members but unintelligible to those from the outside

A

Incompatible Communication Codes

55
Q

Is when considered normal in one culture but is offensive in another

A

Incompatible Norms and Values

56
Q

Acquire Accurate Knowledge

A
  1. Formal Study
  2. Observation
  3. Immersion
57
Q

Learn about other cultures by reading books, periodicals, and Web sites

Read personal accounts and ethnographic research studies

A

Formal Study

58
Q

Watching members interact with each other

You can notice how certain values, rituals, and communication styles are similar to and different from your own

A

Observation

59
Q

Learning about a culture or group by watching members interact

A

Non-Participant Observation

60
Q

When you live with people whose cultural assumptions are different from yours

A

Immersion

61
Q

Learning about a culture or group by actively participating in it

A

Participant Observation

62
Q

Adopt an Appropriate Attitude

A
  1. Tolerate Ambiguity
  2. Be Open-Minded
  3. Be Altruistic
63
Q

Communicating with strangers

It creates uncertainty, and when the stranger also comes from a different culture, we can become anxious about what he or she will expect from us

A

Tolerate Ambiguity

64
Q

Are aware of their own cultural norms and values and recognize that other people’s norms and values may differ, but not wrong

Avoid jumping to conclusions about what you think others mean by something they say or do

A

Be Open-Minded

65
Q

A display of genuine unselfish concern for the welfare of others

A

Altruism

66
Q

A selfish interest in one’s own needs

A

Egocentricity

67
Q

Develop Culture-Centered Skills

A
  1. Practice Listening
  2. Practice Intercultural Empathy
  3. Develop Flexibility
68
Q

People listen closely for concrete facts and information and often ask questions while listening

A

Practice Listening

69
Q

Imagining oneself in the other person’s cultural world

A

Practice Intercultural Empathy

70
Q

The ability to adjust one’s communication to fit the other person and situation

Use a variety of communication skills during an interaction and modify your behavior within and across situations

A

Develop Flexibility

Speech (5 decks)

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