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speech > Speech - Lesson 4 > Flashcards

Speech - Lesson 4 Flashcards

1
Q

utterance exchanges

A

Turn-taking

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1
Q

is a complete unit of talk bounded by the speaker’s literal or figurative silence

A

Utterance

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2
Q

a system of symbols used by people to communicate

A

Language

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3
Q

collection of words and expressions

A

Lexicon

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4
Q

sounds used to pronounce words

A

Phonology

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5
Q

rules for combining words to form sentences

A

Syntax and Grammar

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6
Q

all people who understand a particular language

A

Language Community

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6
Q

a unique form of more general language spoken by a specific culture or co-culture

no dialect is better or worse than another

each just uses different lexicons, phonology, grammar, and syntax

if spoken by the power elite or majority of a language community, the dialect becomes promoted as the standard or “proper” form

A

Dialect

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7
Q

smaller groups that speak a common dialect

A

Speech Communities

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8
Q

personal symbol system that includes active vocabularies and unique pronunciations, grammar, and syntax

A

Idiolect

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9
Q

CHARACTERISTIC OF LANGUAGE

A

Language is Arbitrary
Language is Abstract
Language changes over time

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10
Q

words used to represent things in any language are arbitrary symbols
people who use a language decide what the words mean, and they can change the meaning.

uk: chips us: french fries
uk: candy floss us: cotton candy
uk: chips us: french fries

A

Language is Arbitrary

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11
Q

Includes general language and intangible qualities, ideas, or concepts. It is often vague and open to interpretation

For example: the word ‘pet’ can have multiple meanings like dog, cat, parrot, etc

A

Language is Abstract

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12
Q

new words are constantly being invented and existing words abandoned or assigned meanings

example: conyo, forda, aave

A

Language changes over time

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13
Q

process of melding dialects
melding = blending / combining

A

DIALECT LEVELING

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14
Q

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND MEANING

A

Semantics - meanings derived from the words themselves
Pragmatics - meanings derived from the conversational context
Sociolinguistics - meanings derived from social and cultural context

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15
Q

meanings derived from the words themselves

A

Semantics

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16
Q

meanings derived from the conversational context

A

Pragmatics

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17
Q

meanings derived from the social and cultural context

A

Sociolinguistics

18
Q

derived from the words themselves and how they are arranged into sentences

because words are arbitrarily chosen symbols used to represent thoughts and
feelings, our ability to express ourselves and understand others is limited by the size and accuracy of our vocabulary

A

Semantic Meaning

19
Q

is the explicit meaning found in the dictionary of a language community

A

Denotation

20
Q

is the implicit additional meaning we associate with word

A

Connotation

21
Q

Precise words that clarify by narrowing from a general category to a particular item or group within it

For example: saying “a banged-up Honda Civic” is more specific than saying “a car”

A

Specific Language

22
Q

Words that clarify semantic meaning by appealing to the senses

Example: seeing, hearing, feelings, tasting, smelling

Instead of saying Jill “speaks in a weird way” we might say, Jill mumbles, whispers, blusters, or drones

A

Concrete Language

23
Q

Use words our receivers will understand

Only use jargon or slang if we are certain the meaning will be clear

Overusing and misusing abbreviations and acronyms can hinder understanding

A

Familiar Language

24
Q

Example: Lucy says “Rashad is very loyal” (meaning of loyal = faithful to an idea, person, company) is an abstract word. Lucy might add “I mean, he never criticizes friends behind their backs”.

Lucy clarifies what she means as it applies to Rashad

A

Descriptive details and examples

25
Q

Inclusive word choices that demonstrate respect for others

A

Linguistic Sensitivity

26
Q

Use of words that do not apply only to one sex, race, or another group

English speakers use the pronoun “He” to represent all humans regardless of sex. This approach is not inclusive.

Instead of using “he” use “they”

A

Inclusive Language

27
Q

Interpreting a message related to the conversational context if it
Changes across speakers and situations

A

Pragmatic Meaning

28
Q

Remember!

A

Semantic meaning focuses on what “words” meanwhile in Pragmatic meaning focuses on what “people” mean.

29
Q

The utterance of a verbal message by a speaker and what it implies about how the listener should respond

We speak, we do

A

Speech Act

30
Q

Say what only what you believe to be true based on evidence to support your position

A

Tell the Truth

31
Q

Include all the information needed to fully answer the question and refrain from adding irrelevant information

A

Provide the right amount of information

32
Q

Link your message to the purpose of the conversation and interpret the messages of others in line with the topic at hand

A

Relate what you say to the topic being discussed

33
Q

When you violate one of these guidelines, you should the that you are breaking it

A

Acknowledge when your message violates a guideline

34
Q

Employ perception checking in an attempt to come to mutual understanding

A

Assume the best first

35
Q

Varies according to the norms of a particular culture or co-culture

Misunderstandings occur when we interact with someone who operates using different norms regarding how words are combined

A

Sociolinguistics

36
Q

An expression whose meanings are different from the literal meanings associated with the words used in them

A

Idioms

37
Q

The language that openly states the speaker’s intention in a straightforward and unambiguous way

A

Direct Verbal Style

38
Q

The more you learn about other cultures, the better you will be able to convey and interpret messages when communicating with those sociolinguistic verbal styles different from yours

A

Develop intercultural competence

39
Q

Practices of paying attention to what is happening at any given moment

We will constantly attend to how our cultural norms, idioms, scripts, and verbal styles are similar to and different

A

Practice mindfulness

40
Q

The old saying “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”

A

Respect and adapt to the sociolinguistic practices of others

41
Q

SOUND PRODUCTION sequence

A

Breathing
Phonation
Resonation
Articulation

42
Q

vocalization assistance respiration

lungs and diaphragm

A

Breathing

43
Q

producing voice

A

Phonation

44
Q

producing specific sounds for clarity

A

Articulation

45
Q

amplifying and modifying voice

A

Resonation

speech (5 decks)

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