Speech and Media

Question 1

speechwriter who uses this pattern of organization presents the audience with the pros and cons of a topic. This aids writers in discussing two sides of an issue objectively without an argumentative position, enabling listeners to weigh both aspects

Answer 1

advantages-disadvantages

Question 2

When a speechwriter uses this pattern, it can help to persuade audiences to agree with an action or solution by showing significant relationships between factors.

Answer 2

cause-and-effect pattern

Question 3

Method of propaganda which can induce people to believe messages they would otherwise reject.

Answer 3

Charisma

Question 4

This propaganda technique substitutes abstract, vague, or bland terms in place of more graphic, clear, and unpleasant ones. For example, the terms “layoffs” and “firing” are replaced by “downsizing,” and “torture” is replaced with “intensive interrogation techniques.”

Answer 4

Euphemisms

Question 5

This propaganda technique bases sweeping conclusions on small amounts of minor information to appeal to what consumers wish or hope. Flattery appeals to consumer self-esteem needs, such as L’Oréal’s “You’re worth it.” Flattery is sometimes accomplished through contrast, like ads showing others’ mistakes to make consumers feel superior and smarter.

Answer 5

Extrapolation

Question 6

Latin for “against the man” attacks the person behind an idea rather than criticizing the idea itself. It operates by association: if a person is considered immoral or uneducated, then his or her ideas must be bad as well.

Answer 6

As Hominem

Question 7

Propaganda that misleads by presenting only selected information that supports one position

Answer 7

Stacking the Deck

Question 8

Propaganda technique that uses false denial, allows the speaker or writer to indirectly bring attention to a flaw in an opponent’s credibility. For example, a politician saying, “I won’t mention my opponent’s tax evasion issues” manages to mention them while seeming less accusatory.

Answer 8

Apophasis

Question 9

Propaganda technique making statements such as “Four out of five dentists recommend this brand” or “[insert number] people can’t be wrong.” In an intensified version, persuaders exploit group dynamics at rallies, speeches, and other live-audience events where people are vulnerable to surrounding crowd influences.

Answer 9

Majority Belief

Question 10

Propaganda technique blaming one person or group for complex problems, is a form of the intermediate “simple solution” technique, a practice common in politics.

Answer 10

Scapegoating