Speech and Language

Question 1

Where are the primary functions for semantic processing located in the vast majority of people?

Answer 1

Left hemisphere

Question 2

Where does the primary language pathway begin?

Answer 2

Wernicke’s area (posterior temporal lobe)

Question 3

Where does Wernicke’s area receive information from?

Answer 3

Auditory and visual cortices

Question 4

What does Wernicke’s area do?

Answer 4

Language comprehension (assigns meaning)

Question 5

What connects Wernicke’s area to Broca’s area?

Answer 5

Arcuate fasiculus

Question 6

Broca’s area location

Answer 6

Posterior inferior frontal lobe

Question 7

Broca’s area function

Answer 7

Production of meaningful language.

Question 8

Where does output from Broca’s area go?

Answer 8

To the motor cortex for initation of complex muscle movements needed for speech

Question 9

Speech disorders

Answer 9

Inability to exchange information with others due to nervous system impairment

Question 10

Aphasia

Answer 10

Disturbances in comprehension or formulation

Question 11

Prosody

Answer 11

Emotional emphasis that helps convey meaning

Question 12

Gershwind’s territory

Answer 12

Inferior parietal lobe. Involved in recognition and labeling in Wernicke’s and Broca’s area.

Question 13

Is preferred handedness alway an indicator for localization of language function?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

What determines fundamental pitch?

Answer 14

Size, gender, age of person.

Question 15

Natural resonances

Answer 15

Determine vowel sounds and actions of the vocal folds and other voluntary muscle shape consonants.

Question 16

Speech sounds

Answer 16

200 sounds

Question 17

Fluent type of aphasia

Answer 17

Generation okay, comprehension poor. (Wernicke’s)

Question 18

Non-fluent aphasia

Answer 18

Comprehension okay, generation poor (Broca’s)

Question 19

Receptive Aphasia (dysphasia)

Answer 19

Deficits in auditory and written comprehension. Speech will make no sense to you, but patient will be unaware that there is a problem.

Question 20

Conduction Aphasia

Answer 20

Arcuate fasciulus. Many pauses and gaps–> especially noticeable when you ask pateint to repeat words back. Fluent. Inability to come up with words (Gershwind’s)

Question 21

Expresssive Aphasia

Answer 21

Inability to organize/control speech. Impaired verbal/oral expresssion. Know what they want to say, but they are unable to get the words out. Extremely frustrating for the patient.

Question 22

Global aphasia

Answer 22

Large areas of damage (other parts of the cortex as well). Profound comprehension and expressin deficits impacting the entire language pathway.

Question 23

Aprosody

Answer 23

Comprehension and expresssion of emotional qualities of speech issue. Right-sided equivalent of Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas

Question 24

Apraxia of speech

Answer 24

Common in children. Know what they want to say and can generate the words, but can’t do it in a repeated manner.

Question 25

Dysarthrias

Answer 25

Problems in the efferent output from the motor cortex

Question 26

Flaccid dysarthia

Answer 26

LMN issue. Disruption in flow that goes to areas of respiration, phonation, articulation, prosody, or resonance.