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Block 4 Neuro > Neuro Lab 8 > Flashcards

Neuro Lab 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Precentral Gyrus

A

Primary motor area

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2
Q

Premotor cortex

A

Motor neurons related to indirect (extrapyramidal) motor pathways

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3
Q

Superior frontal gyrus

A

Supplementary motor area

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4
Q

Middle frontal gyrus (caudal area)

A

Frontal eye fields

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5
Q

Paracentral lobule

A

Medial continuation of primary motor and sensory areas

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6
Q

Internal capsule (posterior limb)

A

Contains axons of corticobulbar, corticospinal, and corticopontine neurons and the thalamocortical neurons. Separates the thalamus from lentiform nucleus. Part of major pathway for sensory and motor neurons.

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7
Q

Caudate nucleus (head, body, tail)

A

Part of striatum, extends from floor of anterior horn to the roof of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle

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8
Q

Putamen

A

Part of the striatum, most lateral portion of the lentiform nucleus (lateral to globus pallidus)

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9
Q

Globus pallidus

A

Part of striatum, most medial portion of the lentiform nucleus, immediately lateral to the internal capsule

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10
Q

Internal capsule (anterior limb)

A

Separates caudate nucleus from the lentiform nucleus. Part of major pathway for sensory and motor neurons

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11
Q

Internal capsule (genu)

A

Adjacent to the interventricular foramen. Part of major pathway for sensory and motor neurons.

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12
Q

Thalamus

A

Contains major motor and sensory relay nuclei in diencephalon. Located medial to posterior limb of the internal capsule.

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13
Q

Lenticular fasciculus

A

Nerve fiber bundle (pallidothalamic neurons) running from globus pallidus to ventral anterior and lateral thalamic nuclei

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14
Q

Ventral lateral thalamic nucleus

A

Motor nucleus of the thalamus. Input of the cerebellum via cerebello-rubro-thalamic tract (superior cerebellar peduncle) and from globus pallidus internum

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15
Q

Subthalamic nucleus

A

Medial to internal capsule. Involved in indirect basal ganglia pathway, lesions of subthalamic region lead to hemiballismus

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16
Q

Oculomotor nucleus

A

Contains motor neurons to 5 extraocular eye muscles

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17
Q

Cerebral crus

A

Major motor pathway from cerebrum, includes corticospinal, corticobulbar, and corticopontine neurons

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18
Q

Corticobulbar tract

A

Cell bodies in precentral gyrus, axons through internal capsule and cerebral crus to reach motor neurons in the bulb

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19
Q

Corticospinal tract

A

Cell bodies in cerebral cortex. Axons pass through internal capsule, cerebral crus, basilar pons, pyramids to form ventral and lateral corticospinal tract in spinal cord.

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20
Q

Corticopontine tract

A

Cell bodies in the cerebral cortex. Axons pass through internal capsule and cerebral crus to terminate on pontine nuclei.

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21
Q

Substantia nigra

A

Black substance (neuromelanin) located dorsal to cerebral crus, contrains the cell bodies of nigrostriatoal neurons

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22
Q

Red nucleus

A

Located in tegmentum of pons, input from cerebellum and cerebral cortex, gives rise to rubrospinal tract

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23
Q

Trochlear nucleus

A

Cell bodies of trochlear nerve that innervate SO muscle. Located below inferior colliculus

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24
Q

Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle

A

Cerebello-rubro-thalamic fibers of superior colliculus cross in rostral midbrain and terminate in red nucleus and the ventral lateral thalamic nuclei

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25
Q

Middle cerebellar peduncle

A

Connects pons with cerebellum, contains pontocerebellar fibers whose cell bodies are in the contralateral basilar pons

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26
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncle

A

Found in roof of 4th ventricle, continues through midbrain, decussates, cerebello-rubro-thalamic fibers terminate in contralateral red nucleus in the ventral lateral thalamic nucleus, contains ventral spinocerebellar fibers

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27
Q

Basilar pons

A

Pontine nuclei here, corticobulbar and corticospinal fibers transverse

28
Q

Pontine nuclei

A

In basilar pons, give rise to pontocerebellar fibers of the middle cerebellar peduncle

29
Q

Trigeminal motor nucleus

A

Motor nucleus to muscles of mastication. Medial to the trigeminal main sensory nucleus

30
Q

Corticospinal, corticobulbar, corticopontine tracts

A

All arise from pyramidal cells of cerebral cortex,

31
Q

Corticopontine fibers

A

Terminate on pontine nuclei

32
Q

Pontocerebellar tract

A

Pontine nuclei in basilar pons give rise to pontocerebellar fibers that make up the middle cerebellar peduncle

33
Q

Abducens nucleus

A

Motor nucleus associated with facial colliculus, motor neurons to the SO muscle

34
Q

Facial motor nucleus

A

Motor nucleus innervated muscles of facial expression

35
Q

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

A

Numerous afferent and efferent fibers for cerebellum, dorsal spinocerebellar tract, olivocerebellar fibers, vestibulocerebellar fibers, reticulocerebellar fibers, cerebello-vestibular, corticoreticular etc.

36
Q

Hypoglossal nucleus

A

Contains cell bodies of hypoglossal nerve that innervates tongue muscles

37
Q

Nucleus ambiguus

A

Motor neurons for CN IX and X, and contains so preganglionic parasympathetic neurons that innervate the heart

38
Q

Vestibular nuclei

A

In floor of 4th ventricle. Site of termination of vestibular nerve. Gives rise to medial longitundinal fasciculus and vestibulospinal tract

39
Q

Inferior olivary nucleus

A

Contains cell bodies of olibocerebellar neurons that cross to the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere

40
Q

Olivocerebellar fibers

A

Originate from contralateral inferior olivary nucleus

41
Q

Lateral cuneate nucleus

A

Unconscious proprioception from upper limb. Gets input from cuneate fasciculus. Contains cell bodies of cuneocerebellar fibers that reach cerebellum through inferior cerebellar peduncles

42
Q

Pyramids

A

Contains corticospinal fibers from ipsilateral cerebral cortex

43
Q

Pyramidal decussation

A

At junction of caudal medulla and spinal cord, most fibers cross and form lateral corticospinal tract in lateral funiculus, while remaining fibers cont. as the ventral corticospinal tract and cross in the ventral white commissure before terminating in the contralateral ventral horn

44
Q

Accessory nucleus

A

Motor nucleus innervating SCM and trapezius muscles

45
Q

Lateral column

A

Contains lateral corticospinal tract, spinothalamic tract and dorsal and ventral spinothalamic tracts are present

46
Q

Ventral column

A

Contains ventral corticospinal tract, medial longitudinal fasciculus in the cervical region, vestibulospinal, reticulospinal etc. tracts involved in reflex activity

47
Q

Ventral white commissure

A

Site of crossing of the ventral spinothalami tracts and spinothalamic fibers

48
Q

Dorsal horn

A

Sensory horn of the spinal cord, neurons give rise ot ascending sensory pathways

49
Q

Intermediate gray

A

Located between dorsal and ventral horns

50
Q

Ventral horn

A

Motor horn of the spinal cord, neurons give rise to LMN (alpha and gamma motor neuron)

51
Q

Lateral corticospinal tract

A

Motor fibers located in the lateral funiculus

52
Q

Ventral corticospinal tract

A

Motor fibers located in the ventral funiculus

53
Q

Dorsal spinocerebellar tract

A

Unconscious proprioceptive neurons that arise from ipsilateral Clarke’s nucleus and ascend to the cerebellum

54
Q

Ventral spinocerebelar tract

A

Unconscious proprioceptive neurons that arise from cells in the posterior horn that crosses to the contralateral side and ascend to the cerebellum

55
Q

Clarke’s Nucleus (nucleus dorsalis)

A

Contains cell bodies of neurons that give rise to ipsilateral dorsal spinocerebellar tract

56
Q

Lateral motor cell column

A

Column of motor neurons in the ventral horn that innervate appendicular muscles

57
Q

Medial motor cell column

A

Column of motor neurons in ventral horn that innervate axial muscles

58
Q

Posterior lobe

A

Part of cerebellum between the primary fissure and the posterolateral fissure

59
Q

Tonsil

A

Part of posterior lobe near foramen magnum

60
Q

Posterolateral fissure

A

Separates flocculonodular lobe from posterior lobe

61
Q

Flocculonodular lobe

A

Concerned with vestibular function

62
Q

Anterior lobe

A

Part of cerebellum anterior to primary fissure

63
Q

Primary fissure

A

Separates anterior lobe from posterior lobe

64
Q

Vermal zone

A

Involved in motor control, on either side of midline in cerebellum

65
Q

Paravermal zone

A

Area on either side lateral to the vermal area, involved in motor control

66
Q

Lateral zone

A

Lateral to paravermal area. Receives major imnput from pontocerebellar neuron and purkinje cells in lateral hemispheres project especially into the dentate nucelus. Dentato-rubro-thalamic pathway conveys primary output from the cerebellum

67
Q

Deep cerebellar nucleu

A

Dentate, emboliform, globus, fastigial

Block 4 Neuro (8 decks)

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