Speech and Language Flashcards
4 processes of speech
- Respiration
- Phonation
- Articulation
- Resonation
5 dimensions of language
- Phonology
- Morphology
- Syntax
- Semantics
- Pragmatics
Broca’s area
- Brodmann areas 44 and 45
- Inability to produce speech
- Area 44: phonological processing
- Area 45: semantic aspects of language–verbal memory
Wernicke’s area
- Problems understanding language
- Brodmann area 22
- Representation of phonetic sequences
- Subregions: responding to spoken words, responding only to words spoken by someone else, producing speech
Inferior parietal lobule
- Composed of angular gyrus and supramarginal gyrus
- Language processing node
Angular gyrus
- Area 39
- Semantic processing (along with posterior cingulate)
Supramarginal gyrus
- Area 40
- Phonological and articulatory processing of words
Homonyms
- Words with same sound but different spellings
- Activated L hemisphere posterior central sulcus and inferior frontal gyrus
Synonyms
-Activated broader regions in the inferior temporal and frontal lobes
Limbic vocalization circuit
-Limbic system cingulate projections activates PAG which allows for primitive vocalizations
Global aphasia
- Receptive and expressive aphasia
- Widespread damage
Conduction aphasia
- Difficulty repeating words or phrases
- Mix up sounds in words and make transformations or omissions
- Damage in the auditory cortex, insula, or supramarginal gyrus
Anomic aphasia
- Have a hard time finding certain words
- Parietal lobe damage limited to angular gyrus or just above it
Anarthria
-Can’t articulate the words that would convey their thoughts
Alexia
- Cannot read but can still write
- Damage to inferior part of left occipital and temporal lobes
Dyslexia
- Confuse certain sounds or letters that are visually similar
- Abnormalities in layering of cortical cells especially in left frontal and temporal cortices?
- Same size planum temporale? (in normal patients the L is bigger than the R)
Indirect context disorders
- Hemineglect, anosognosia (unawareness of deficits)
- R hemisphere damage
Direct context disorders
- Affect communication and cognition
- R hemisphere damage
- Pragmatic communication disorders
- Prosody
- Discourse organization
- Comprehension of non-literal language
Wada procedure
- Inactivate one hemisphere of the brain
- Can still produce rudimentary language even when L hemisphere is turned off
