Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Vermis

A
  • Midline cerebellar zone
  • Deep nuclei: Fastigial, vestibular
  • Balance, eye movement, reflexes
  • Autonomic arousal, limbic regulation
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2
Q

Paravermal hemisphere

A
  • Intermediate cerebellar zone
  • Deep nuclei: globose, emboliform
  • Sensorimotor integration, movement execution
  • Simple verbal responses to commands
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3
Q

Lateral hemisphere

A
  • Lateral cerebellar zone
  • Deep nuclei: dentate
  • Preparation and planning of movements, fine motor dexterity, eye movements, imagined movements
  • Verbal association, rule-based learning, working memory, problem-solving, monitoring performance, temporal perception
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4
Q

Spinocerebellum

A
  • Vermis and paravermal hemispheres

- More inputs from spinal cord than other areas

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5
Q

Vestibulocerebellum

A
  • Flocculus

- More inputs from vestibular nuclei than other areas

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6
Q

Cerebrocerebellum

A
  • Lateral hemispheres

- More inputs from cerebral cortex (via pontine nuclei) than any other areas

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7
Q

Three basic elements of the cerebellum

A
  • Cerebellar cortex with a granule, purkinje, and molecular layers
  • Deep cerebellar nuclei
  • Large white matter tracts
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8
Q

Six main cell types in cerebellar cortex

A
  • Granule*
  • Golgi*
  • Purkinje*
  • Stellate
  • Basket
  • Lugaro
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9
Q

Two main types of neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei

A
  • Projection neurons

- Local interneurons

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10
Q

Non neuronal cells in the cerebellum

A
  • Radial or Bergmann glial cells–purkinje and molecular layers of cerebellar cortex
  • Bushy astroglia–granule layer
  • Oligodendrocytes–white matter
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11
Q

Purkinje cell

A
  • Connects the inferior olive to the purkinje layer via climbing fibers
  • Connects granule cells to purkinje layer via parallel fibers
  • Projects to deep nuclei
  • Inhibitory neuron
  • GABA, GAD, GABA-T, zebrin, motilin
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12
Q

Basket cell

A
  • Connects granule cells to purkinje layer via parallel fibers
  • Projects to purkinje cell somas
  • Inhibitory
  • GABA, GAD
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13
Q

Stellate cell

A
  • Connects granule cells to purkinje layer via parallel fibers
  • Projects to purkinje cell dendrites
  • Inhibitory
  • GABA (?)
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14
Q

Golgi cell

A
  • Connects granule cells to granular layer via parallel fibers
  • Projects to granular layer cells
  • Inhibitory neuron
  • GABA
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15
Q

Granule cell

A
  • Connects pontine and brainstem nuclei to granular layer via mossy and mossy-like fibers
  • Projects to dendrites of other cerebellar cortical cells
  • Excitatory!
  • GABA, glutamate
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16
Q

Projection cell

A
  • Connects purkinje cells to deep nuclei
  • Excitatory or inhibitory
  • Glutamate or GABA
  • Inhibitory go to inferior olive
17
Q

Interneuron cell

A
  • Inhibitory

- GABA, glutamate

18
Q

Two types of APs for purkinje cells

A

-Simple and complex spike

19
Q

Simple spikes

A
  • Typical neuronal action potentials
  • Produced by mossy fiber activation of granule cells which in turn leads to parallel fiber activation of purkinje cells
  • Depict moment to moment changes in behavior
20
Q

Efference copy

A
  • Copy of the commands for movement

- Ventral and rostral spinocerebellar tracts

21
Q

Reafference copy

A
  • A sensory feedback signal from a body part that is being issued commands for movement
  • Dorsal spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar tracts
22
Q

Complex spikes

A
  • Neuron’s membrane voltage increases rapidly and then stays elevated for an extended period (20 ms or more)
  • Many APs fired (5) during this time
  • Occur in 1:1 ratio with arrival of APs on climbing fibers
  • Related to the occurrence of unexpected stimuli
  • During and after complex spike: long term depression (refractory to parallel fiber activation) (the basis for cerebellar learning)
23
Q

Asthenia

A

-Loss of muscle strength

24
Q

Asynergia

A

-difficulty coordinating muscular actions

25
Q

Treatment of essential tremor

A
  • Ethanol or barbituate administraction or deep brain stimulation
  • Act as glu antagonists and gaba agonists
  • Treat by eliminating cerebellar modification of motor commands