Speech and Language Flashcards
Etiologies of Communcation Disorders include
Trauma
Vascular disturbance
Tumor/Infection
Environment (e.g., low SES, nutritional deficiency) **
Neurodegeneration (e.g., Parkinson’s, alcoholism)**
Genetic (e.g., velocardiofacial syndrome) **
Idiopathic (e.g., autism) **
what are the subcortical areas involved in vocalization?
prefrontal cortex?
PAG
limbic system
caudal medullay
nucleus retroambiguous
___ is complete loss of language,
global aphasia
someone with global aphasia may still ahve control of
facial expressions, hand gestures, and vocal intonations
global aphasia can result from damage to
Broca’s, Wernicke’s, and supramarginal gyrus
•Conduction aphasia - problem ___
repeating words or phrases,
___ and ___ are normal with conduction aphasia
anguage comprehension and oral expression
conduction aphasia can be caused by damage to the
arcuate fasciculus, auditory cortex, insula, or supramarginal gyrus
Anomic aphasia - difficulty in
fidning certain words
using vague phrases like “thing” or “whatsit” may be a sign of
Anomic aphasia
anomic aphasia may be from damage to the
to the angular gyrus or parietal lobe
___ aphasia - from small lesions to the L. subcortical areas,
Subcortical
___ aphasia has various sx
subcortical
Transcortical Motor aphasia and brocas?
both are expressive aphasia
but transcortical motor can repeat long sentences, brocas can only repeat simple words
*
____ - loss of articulation ability from damage to the motor system
Anarthria
Alexia - loss of reading ability due to damage in___
L. occipital & parietal lobes
alexia causes problems with ___ but not ___
problems with reading but not wriging
ight hemisphere damage
(RHD) causes a variety of communication deficits involving the
interpretation of
context.
Indirect context disorders - difficulties
interacting with your environment
2 examples of indirect context disorders
hemineglect and anosognosia
, anosognosia - the ___ of such deficits
unawareness
Direct context disorders - affect ___ and ___ directly
communication and cognition
direct context or pragmatic disorders can be further subdivided into disorders of: (3)
(a) prosody (aprosodia)
(b) discourse organization
(c) comprehension of non-literal language
Aprosodia - inability to use ___ and ___ to effectively express
emotions
intonation and stress
t, Speech and behavior appear flat and emotionless. is a sign of
aprosodia
Discourse organization disorders - difficulties implementing the
rules that
govern language construction
e 22q11 deletion is associated with
VCFS
– 1/3rd
of ___ children meet criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder
VCFS
Males are ___ times more likely to have an ASD than females
four
20-30% of kids with autism develop ___
epilepsy
t 90% of cases of autism are ___
idiopathic (very small percentage is genetic)
Most consistent findings in brain assocaited with autism changes in ___
cerebellum, amygdala
pragmatics are the rules for
communciation or usage of language
___ of information transmitted in conversation is nonverbal
90%
prosody involves ___ changes
pitch
brocas area is defined as
brodmann 44 and 45
wernickes is in the ___
left temporal lobe on the superior temporal gyrus in most people
wernickes is more associaed with ___
producing speech
angular gyrus is involved in ___ processing
semantic
supramarginal gyrus is involve din
phonological and articularoy processing of words
homonyms and antynoyms light up ___ regions of the brain
different
___ aphasia has the tendency to repeat words or phrases
brocas
___ hemisphere is more concerend with nonverbal language
right
excessive alcohol affects ___ area in particular that is related to language
brocas
what areas are involved with vowels and syllables?
broca, motor cortex, premotor
