Limbic System Lec16 Flashcards
parts of the papez circuit actually involved in emotions
cingulate cortex and the hypothalamus
Areas of the limbic system involved in emotional processing
amygdala, anterior and mid-cingulate cortex, mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus and prefrontal cortex.
Primary emotions are reflexive and involve the (3)
amygdala, hypothalamus, and PAG
what primarily drives primary emotions?
the amygdala —- which gets input from the auditory pathway (or visual) via the thalamus as well as directly from the auditory pathway.
___ emotions are conscious
Secondary
secondary emotions and involve the ___
cortical limbic structures
Stimulation of the___ with norepinephrine induces the fight or flight response
dorsolateral portion of the PAG
. Stimulation of the ___ portion of PAG with norepinephrine leads to hypoactivity
ventral
Since the ___ nuclei project to the PAG, you can also stimulate the ___ nuclei for the same effect.
hypothalamic
You need the ___ and ___ to regulate emotions.
If you get a stroke or tumor to either one of these regions you lose control of your emotions and can result in sham rage (excessive rage without external control)
hypothalamus or the PAG
. Only th___ and ___ cingulate cortex play a role in emotional processing.
cingulate cortex
is the posterior cingualte cortex ivnovled in emotion?
no
. It may be useful to think of serotonin as mood ___
altering
. It may be useful to think of norepinpehrine as mood
elevating
what is included in the papez circuit
___ is the synapse site of the limbic system in the thalamus
mediodorsal n.
primary emotions are linked with ___ reflexes
autonomic
If a monkey’s temporal lobe / amygdala was removed, the animal became (4)
- docile
- hyperoral
- hypersexual
- and ate inappropriate items.
Urbach-Wiethe disease = what is the cause and what are the sx?
calcification & loss of amygdala
- no fear response
- can’t recognize fear in faces
- risky behaviors
Fear response involves direct connections from
thalamus to amygdala
Shown by auditory-foot shock conditioning experiment. Even if amygdala/
auditory cortex connection was cut,
fear was still present
Amygdala connects to __ and __ for fight-or-flight response
PAG and LC
Stimulation of ___ PAG = fight-or-flight,
Dorsal
lesion of Dorsal PAG
affective defense & “sham rage”
lesion fo ventral pag
quiet, biting
All major emotion structures are connected to
the __
PAG
The PAG regulates ANS via
soliary n.
dorsal mtoor fo vagus
IML
The hypothalamus-pituitary axis (HPA) is driven by the (3)
amygdala, limbic cortex, & locus
coeruleus
Amygdala / Insula / Limbic Cortex (ACC) –> Paraventricular Nucleus (PVN) of hypothalamus –>
CRH
the amygdala projects to which cingulate cortex?
the ACC and anterior MCC
the ___ region of the cingulate cortex (around the genu of the corpus callosum) is extra
vulnerable to emotional diseases like depression
perigenual
anterior cingulate cortex connects the ans to the
solitary n. and dosal mtoor of vagus
emotion associated with ventral acc
sadness
emotion associated with rostral acc
hapiness
“Facial Region” of the ACC is impacted by what emotions
all of them
emotiona ssociated witht the anterior mid cingualte cortex
fear
Electrical stimulation of the MCC evokes complex motor responses like (3)
lip puckering, finger kneading, and bilateral limb movements
fear response
input goes directlyfrom the thalamus to the
amygdala –> fear response
fear response
thalamus -> amygdala –>
ACC (upstream) and the PAG and LC (downstream pathways)
thalamus –> amygdala –> ACC (upstream) and the PAG (downstream pathways) –> both faical. n and facial expression activated so fear is expressed ___ and __
somatically and viscerally
fear response
Memory of event is encoded in the__ and __
amygdala and cortex
fear response
memory of event is enhanced by
norepinpehrine
locus coerelus regulates the
hpa axis
Locus Coeruleus is connected to…
solitary ncuelus
pag
pvn of hypothalamus
amygdala and limbic
paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus
Locus Coeruleus –> solitary n. –>
visceral motor center for heart rate
LC –> pag –>
fight to flight
____ drives PVN/HPA axis
LC/NE
LC –> Amygdala & Limbic Cortex (cingulate, insular, orbitofrontal) –>
enhance emotional
memory formation
The Raphe Nuclei project from midbrain to ___
forebrain
___ disfunction leads to conduct disorders, criminal psychopathy, other
sociopathies, PTSD
Limbic system
In patients with severe depression, ___ shows decreased glucose metabolism /
reduced activity
anterior cingulate cortex
Risk factor for depression: No ____ control of amygdala = increased fear and anxiety.
anterior cingulate control
SSRIS bind strongly to the
anterior cingulate cortex
deep brain stimulation can create substantial improvement in people with intractable depression if electrodes are placed near the
acc and amygdala
___ is involved in AFFECT
Anterior cingulate cortex
___ cortex is involved in motivated behavior and response selection
Midcingulate
____ has extensive projections to the striatum, red nucleus, pontine nuclei (cerebellum), and cranial nerve motor nuclei for somatomotor driving of alpha motor neurons.
midcingualte cortex
a very impotant connection in pyshiatry
the amygdala has reciprocal projections to the
acc
PET studies show activation in ___ when remembering sad events.
ACC
Electrical simulation of the _____ produces complex motor outputs (that can be modified by context)
MCC
faical region in the acc projects to the
facial motor n. and the muscles of facial expression
facial region in the ___ of the cingualte cortex
acc
what do the reciptocal connections between the LC and the 1. amygadla and 2. cingulate cortex do?
involved in consolidation of emotional memories
storage of emotionall vlanece memories in the amygdala and acc depends on ___
norepineprine release by LC
how does locus corelus intercedes in limbic systems to coordinate motor outputs.
what structures are in the limbic lobe? (3)
cingulate cortex
parahippocampal gyri
olfactoruy cortex
