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J: Psych/soc > Specific Senses > Flashcards

Specific Senses Flashcards

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1
Q

Photoreceptor with 3 dif types to perceive wavelengths to diff colors and fine detail:

A

Cones

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2
Q

Photoreceptors concentrated in fovea:

A

Cones

- central vision

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3
Q

Photoreceptor for low-light, containing rhodopsin:

A

Rods

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4
Q

Most abundant photoreceptor in the eye and most concentrated in the periphery?

A

Rod

- Rods rule

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5
Q

Visual processing pathway:

A

bipolar cell: optic nerve
crossover: chiasm
optic tract > lateral geniculate nucleus (thalamus) > occipital lobe

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6
Q

What is motion parallax?

A
  • objects close to us move further cross our visual field than those far from us
  • depth perception
  • train and moving objects vs hills in background
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7
Q

Structures of outer ear:

A

ear lobe, pinna, tympanic membrane

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8
Q

Structures of middle ear:

A

Ossicles, oval windo, eustachian tube

eustachian tube; equalize pressure when you are flying

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9
Q

Structures of inner ear:

A

bony labryinth, hair cells, cochlea, basilar membrane,

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10
Q

What is a homonculus

A
    • scale of body part proportional to nerve density and amount of space in brain dedicated to processing
  • huge tongue, lips, and hands, decently large feet
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11
Q

what are the components of the vestibule?

A
  • utricle: horizontal plane

- saccule: motion in vertical plane

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12
Q

what is the function of the vestible?

A

sense linear acceleration

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13
Q

what is an otolith?

A

calcium carbonate speck that can stimulate hair cells

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14
Q

What is the function of a hair cell? q

A
  • sound detection, balance, orientation
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15
Q

What are hair cells attached to?

A

basilar membrane

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16
Q

What are the components that sense rotational acceleration?

A

semicircular canals

17
Q

what is in a semicircular canal? how many are there?

A

ampulla filled with hair cells and endolymph fluid

- there are 3: x/y/z planes

18
Q

What are the 3 wavelengths perceived by cones?

A

blue: 420 nm
green: 530 nm
red: 560 nm

BLUE 420 + 110 = 530, the thirty you add on to get green

19
Q

Choroid location and function

what is continuous with?

A

middle layer supply blood to retina

- continuous with iris

20
Q

sclera locaiton and function

what is cont with?

A

outer layer - white color, structural support

- cont with lens

21
Q

what are intermediary cells in between rods/cones and ganglion cells?

A

bipolar: help integrate mult rods and cones
horizontal cells: facilitate rods/cones to bipolar
amacrine cells: facilitate bipolar cells to ganglion celsl

22
Q

What does the left retina correspond to? where is this processed?

A

right visual field

- left hemisphere

23
Q

what is different about nasal retinas?

A

they cross over in chiasm

24
Q

what is a magoncellular neuro?

A

large and motion

25
Q

what is a parvocellular neuron?

A

small and detailed

26
Q

what neurons are located in LGN?

A

magno/parvoceullar

27
Q

what is serial memory processing?

A

consciously looking one place after another, analyzing stimuli in order

28
Q

what is parallel processing?

A

integrating mult input simult

29
Q

feature detection

A

respond to specific elements of stimuli: shape, color, motion

30
Q

what are the different fluids of bony and membranous labryinth?

A

bony: peri
membranous: endo

31
Q

what are the components of the cochlea?

A

scala vestibule and tympani (perilympth:

  • organ of corti on basilar membrane
  • outer membrane of cochlea is reissner’s membrane
32
Q

what are the changes in thickness of basilar membrane corresponding to?

A

thickest: high freq close to oval window
narrow: low freq apex far from oval window

33
Q

Why do adults lose higher pitched hearing first?

A

hair cells and stiffness of basilar membrane near oval window occurs first which corresponds to high freq sounds coclear base

34
Q

What is something noteworhty about how smell is processed?

A

first olfactory bulb > limbic system

- semll can evoke strong memory

35
Q

Where is taste information processed?

A

thalamus > gustatory cortex (insula)

J: Psych/soc (8 decks)

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