Specific Senses Flashcards
Photoreceptor with 3 dif types to perceive wavelengths to diff colors and fine detail:
Cones
Photoreceptors concentrated in fovea:
Cones
- central vision
Photoreceptor for low-light, containing rhodopsin:
Rods
Most abundant photoreceptor in the eye and most concentrated in the periphery?
Rod
- Rods rule
Visual processing pathway:
bipolar cell: optic nerve
crossover: chiasm
optic tract > lateral geniculate nucleus (thalamus) > occipital lobe
What is motion parallax?
- objects close to us move further cross our visual field than those far from us
- depth perception
- train and moving objects vs hills in background
Structures of outer ear:
ear lobe, pinna, tympanic membrane
Structures of middle ear:
Ossicles, oval windo, eustachian tube
eustachian tube; equalize pressure when you are flying
Structures of inner ear:
bony labryinth, hair cells, cochlea, basilar membrane,
What is a homonculus
- scale of body part proportional to nerve density and amount of space in brain dedicated to processing
- huge tongue, lips, and hands, decently large feet
what are the components of the vestibule?
- utricle: horizontal plane
- saccule: motion in vertical plane
what is the function of the vestible?
sense linear acceleration
what is an otolith?
calcium carbonate speck that can stimulate hair cells
What is the function of a hair cell? q
- sound detection, balance, orientation
What are hair cells attached to?
basilar membrane
What are the components that sense rotational acceleration?
semicircular canals
what is in a semicircular canal? how many are there?
ampulla filled with hair cells and endolymph fluid
- there are 3: x/y/z planes
What are the 3 wavelengths perceived by cones?
blue: 420 nm
green: 530 nm
red: 560 nm
BLUE 420 + 110 = 530, the thirty you add on to get green
Choroid location and function
what is continuous with?
middle layer supply blood to retina
- continuous with iris
sclera locaiton and function
what is cont with?
outer layer - white color, structural support
- cont with lens
what are intermediary cells in between rods/cones and ganglion cells?
bipolar: help integrate mult rods and cones
horizontal cells: facilitate rods/cones to bipolar
amacrine cells: facilitate bipolar cells to ganglion celsl
What does the left retina correspond to? where is this processed?
right visual field
- left hemisphere
what is different about nasal retinas?
they cross over in chiasm
what is a magoncellular neuro?
large and motion
what is a parvocellular neuron?
small and detailed
what neurons are located in LGN?
magno/parvoceullar
what is serial memory processing?
consciously looking one place after another, analyzing stimuli in order
what is parallel processing?
integrating mult input simult
feature detection
respond to specific elements of stimuli: shape, color, motion
what are the different fluids of bony and membranous labryinth?
bony: peri
membranous: endo
what are the components of the cochlea?
scala vestibule and tympani (perilympth:
- organ of corti on basilar membrane
- outer membrane of cochlea is reissner’s membrane
what are the changes in thickness of basilar membrane corresponding to?
thickest: high freq close to oval window
narrow: low freq apex far from oval window
Why do adults lose higher pitched hearing first?
hair cells and stiffness of basilar membrane near oval window occurs first which corresponds to high freq sounds coclear base
What is something noteworhty about how smell is processed?
first olfactory bulb > limbic system
- semll can evoke strong memory
Where is taste information processed?
thalamus > gustatory cortex (insula)
