specific antidotes Flashcards
1
Q
antidote for acetaminophen poisoning?
A
N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)
2
Q
antidote for Salicylates
A
NaHCO3 (alkilinize the urine), dialyze
3
Q
antidote for amphetimines
A
NH4Cl (acidify the urine bc amphetamines = basic)
4
Q
antidote for Acetylcholinesterase inhibs/organophosphates
A
atropine (direct Ach inhib) + pralidoxime (regens AchE)
5
Q
antidote for antimuscarinic, antichoinergic agents
A
physostigmine salicylate (anti-AChE and crosses BBB) + control hyperthermia
6
Q
antidote for B-blockers
A
glucagon
7
Q
antidote for Digitalis
A
LAMP Lidocaine Anti-dig Fab fragments Mg2+ K+
8
Q
antidote for Iron
A
Deferoxamine, Deferasrox
9
Q
antidote for Lead (4 options)
A
CaEDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine
10
Q
antidote for Mercury, arsenic, gold (2)
A
Dimercaprol (BAL), succimer
11
Q
antidote for cyanide (binds mito enz)
A
- Nitrite (turns Hb —> metHb —> attracts CN away from mito enz)
- thiosulfate (binds cyanide from metHb), hydroxycobalamin
12
Q
antidote for METHemoglobin
A
METHylene blue, Vitamin C
13
Q
antidote for Carbon Monoxide
A
100% 02 hyperbaric O2
14
Q
antidote for Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
A
femepizole > ethanol, dialysis
15
Q
antidote for opioids
A
naloxone/naltrexone
16
Q
antidote for benzos
A
flumazenil
17
Q
antidote for TCAs
A
NaHCO3 (plasma alkalinization)
18
Q
antidote for Heparin
A
protamine
19
Q
antidote for Warfarin
A
FFP, vit k
20
Q
antidote for tpa, streptokinase, urokinase
A
Aminocaproic acid
21
Q
antidote for Theophylline
A
B-blocker
22
Q
Affects of NE on BP and HR
A
NE = mainly alpha agonist
- Increased SVR (both diastolic and systolic) bc alpha ag —> increase BP
- Reflex bradycardia —> decrease BP
23
Q
Affects of Isoproterenol on HR and BP
A
B affects > alpha affects:
- B2 vasodilation —> decrease SVR
- Reflex tach + B1 stim —> increase HR
24
Q
Effects of Epi BEFORE and AFTER an ALPHA BLOCKER!
A
EPI = EVERY thing stim (alpha and beta)
1. BEFORE alpha blocker: increase alpha —> increase SVR!! —> net presser effect!
- AFTER alpha blocker —> only beta stim —> B2 = decrease SVR —-> reflex tach: decrease BP/increase HR
25
Effects of phenylephrine on BP before and after alpha blocker
Phenylephrine = alpha agonist
1. BEFORE alpha blocker ---> alpha ag ---> presser ---> Increase SVR
2. After alpha blocker ---> no effect at all
26
Drugs that cause: coronary vasospasm (3)
cocaine, sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids
27
Drugs that cause: cutaneous flushing (4)
Vancomycin, Adenosine, Niacin, Ca2+ channel blockers (VANC)
28
Drugs that cause: dilated cardiomyopathy (2)
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin), daunorubicin
29
Drugs that cause: Torsades to pointes
Class III (esp sotolol) and Class IA (Quinidine) antiarrythmics
30
Drugs that cause: Agranulocytocis (6)
Clozapine, carbamezapine, Colchicine, Propulthiouracil, Methimazole, Dapsone (Agranulocytosis Certainly Could Cause Pretty Major Damage)
31
Drugs that cause: Aplastic anemia (5)
Chloramphenical, benzene, NSAIDS, propylthiouracil, methimazole
32
Drugs that cause: Direct Coombs-pos. hemolytic anemia (2)
Methyldopa, Penicillin
33
Drugs that cause: Gray Baby Syndrome
Chloramphenicol
34
Drugs that cause: Hemolysis in G6PD deficient Pt (6)
Isoniazide, Sulfonamides, Primaquine, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Nitrofurantoin (Hemolysis IS PAIN)
35
Drugs that cause: MeagaloBLASTic anemia (3)
Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa drugs (Having a BLAST w/PMS)
36
Drugs that cause: Thrombotic complications (1)
OCPs (eg estrogens)
37
Drugs that cause: Cough
ACE Inhibs (NOTE- NOT ARBS)
38
Drugs that cause: Pulm Fibrosis (3)
BLeomycin, Amiodorone, Busulfan (its hard to BLAB w/pulm fibrosis)
39
Drugs that cause: Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jauncide
Erythromycin
40
Drugs that cause: focal to massive hepatic necrosis (4)
Halothane, Amanita phalloides, Valproic acid, ACeteminophen (these drugs wreak HAVAc on your liver)
41
Drugs that cause: Hepatitis
INH
42
Drugs that cause: peudomembranous colitis (2)
ampicillin, clindamycin
43
Drugs that cause: Adrenal insuff.
Glucocort withdrawal (HPA suppresion)
44
Drugs that cause: gynecomastica (6)
```
Spironalactone
Digitalis
Cimetidine
Estrogen
Alcohol (chronic)
Ketoconazole
(Some Drugs Cause Extremely Awesome Knockers)
```
45
Drugs that cause: hot flashes (2)
Tamoxifen, Clomiphene
46
Drugs that cause: Hyperglycemia (5)
Niacin, tacrolimus, protease inhibs, HCTZ, corticosteroids
47
Drugs that cause: hypothyroidism (3)
lithium, amiodarone, sulfonamides
48
Drugs that cause: fat redistribution (2)
glucocorticoids, protease inhibs
49
Drugs that cause: gingival hyperplasia (2)
phenytoin, verapamil
50
Drugs that cause: gout (4)
furosemide, thiazides, niacin, cyclosporine
51
Drugs that cause: myopathies(8)
Fibrates, Niacin, Colchicine, Hydroxychloroquine, Interferon-alpha, Penicillamine, Statins, Glucocorticoids
(Fish N' CHIPS Gives you myopathy)
52
Drugs that cause: osteoporosis (2)
corticosteroids, heparin
53
Drugs that cause: PHOTOsensitivity (3)
Sufonamides, Amiodarone, Tetracycline (SAT for a photo)
54
Drugs that cause: Rash (SJS) (8)
Penicillin, Ethosuxomide, Carbamezapine, Sulfa drugs, Lamotrigine, Allopurinol, Phenytoin, Phenobarbitol (bad rash after a PEC SLAPP)
55
Drugs that cause: SLE like syndrome (4)
Hydralazine, INH, Procainamaide, Phenytoin (it's not HIPP to have lupus)
56
Drugs that cause: Teeth damage (kids)
Tetracyclins
57
Drugs that cause: Tendonitis, tendon rupture, and cartilage damate
Flouroquinolones
58
Drugs that cause: Diabetes Insip (2)
Lithium dececlocycline
59
Drugs that cause: Fanconi's syndrome
Expired tetracycline
60
Drugs that cause: Hemorrhagic cystitis (2)
cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide (prevented w/coadmin of mesna)
61
Drugs that cause: Interstitial Nephritis (3)
Methicillin, NSAIDS, furosemide
62
Drugs that cause: SIADH (2)
carbamezapine, cyclophosphamide
63
Drugs that cause: cinconism (2)
Quinidine, quinine
64
Parkinson-like syndrome (3)
Antiphsychotics (block central D2 receptors), reserpine (for huntington's- inhibs VMAT- limits dopamine vesicle packaging and release), metoclopromide (D2 receptor antag- antiemetic + diabetic gastroparesis)
65
Drugs that cause: Seizures (7)
Inh, Bupropion, Imipenem/cilastatin, Tramadol, Enflurane, Metoclopramide (during seizures I BITE My tongue)
66
Drugs that cause: Tardive dyskinesia
antispych (esp Trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol)
67
Drugs that cause: Antimuscarinic (hot as a hare, dry as a bone, mad as a hatter, red as a beat, blind as a bat) (4 groups)
Atropine, TCAs, H1-blockers, neuroleptics
68
Drugs that cause: Disulfuram-like rxn (4)
Metronidazole, certain cephalosporins, procarbazine, 1st gen sulfonureas
69
Drugs that cause: nephrotox/ototox (4)
aminoglycosides, vancomycin, loop diuretics, cisplatin
70
vaccine for C. diptheriae
DTaP- toxoid
71
vaccine for B. Pertussis
DTaP- toxoid + filamentous hemagluttinin
72
vaccine for C. tetanie
DTAP- toxoid
73
vaccine for HiB
capsular polysac. (Polyribotoyl phosphate) + prot
74
S. pneumo vax for peds
PCV- 13 capsular serotypes + protein (toxoid?)
75
S. pneumo vac for adult
PPV- 23 capsular serotypes
76
n. meningitidis vac
MCV-4: 4 capsular serotypes (Y, W-135, C, A) and prot
77
Salmonella and Bordetella vaccines are...
killed, whole cells (inactivated)
78
if the PRP capsular material of the H. infl virus were injected in a vaccine w/out the toxoid/prot, what type of Ab would be made?
IgM only
79
Why does Hydralazine ---> Na+/fluid retention
art. dilation ---> decrease art P. ---> increase baroreceptor firing/increase B1 stim---> increase HR and Renin secretion ---> Increase RAAS (DON'T GIVE TO SOMEONE W/ANGINA/CAD BC compens. tach! GIVE w/ B-blocker/diuretic)
