parasites

Question 1

chagas is caused by the…

Answer 1

riduviid bug (kissing)

Question 2

what are the signs of chagas?

Answer 2

cardiomyopathy
mega colon
mega esophagus (localizes to the nerve cells of the myenteric plexus)

Question 3

txt chagas w…

Answer 3

nifurtimox

(If i went on a “CRUZ” to SA and got the KISSING BUG, Keith would get a “kNIFe” and “‘URT” Me in the Heart (and colon and esoph)

Question 4

signs of visceral leishmaniasis

Answer 4

spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia

Question 5

visceral leishmaniasis is spread by the

Answer 5

sandfly

Question 6

what do you see on a blood smear of visceral leishmaniasis?

Answer 6

Macrophage w/amastigote (no flagella)

Question 7

txt for visceral leishmaniasis?

Answer 7

sodium stibogluconate

Question 8

what causes green, foul smelling vaginal discharge and itching?

Answer 8

Trichomonas vaginalis (trophozoite)

Question 9

what is VERY important in txt trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 9

txt pt AND PARTNER w/metronidazole

Question 10

what’s another word for pin worms?

Answer 10

Entorobius vermicularis

Question 11

how is Enterobius vermicularis (pinworms) spread

Answer 11

food contaminated w/eggs

Question 12

signs of enterobius ifxn

Answer 12

anal pruritus - scotch tape test!

Question 13

how do you txt enterobius vermicularis

Answer 13

Bendazoles- BEND over and scratch your butt!

Pyrantel pamoate

Question 14

Taenia solium you get from

Answer 14

undercooked pork

Question 15

how do you get intestinal disease from Taenia solium?

Answer 15

eat larvae in undercooked pork

Question 16

how do you get cysticercosis/neurocysticercosis (Taenia solium cysts in brain that cause seizures)

Answer 16

eat taenia solium eggs

Question 17

how do you txt intestinal ifxn from Taenia soleum?
how about cystericosis?
neurocystericosis?

Answer 17

intestinal ifxn and cystericosis w/ praziquantel

neurocystericosis w/bendazoles

Question 18

3 protazoa that cause GI ifxns:

Answer 18

1. giardia lamblia
2. Entamoeba histolytica
3. Cryptosporidium

Question 19

bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling, fatty diarrhea seen in campers/hikers

Answer 19

Giardia!

Question 20

how do you get giardia?

Answer 20

drink cysts in H20

Question 21

how can you diagnose giardia?

Answer 21

trophozoites or cysts in stool

Question 22

txt giardia w/

Answer 22

metronidazole

Question 23

bloody diarhea, liver abcess, “anchovy paste” exudate, RUQ pain, recent travel to developing country?

Answer 23

Entamoeba histolitica

Question 24

ddx of entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 24

serology and/or trophozoites w/ RBCs in cytoplasm! or cysts (spherical, granular cytoplasm w/up to 4 nuclei) in the stool

Question 25

severe diarhea in AIDS pt or mild diarhea in immunocomp person

Answer 25

cryptosporidium

Question 26

which protazoa causes multiple, discrete ulcerative lesions on colonoscopy? which is non-ulcerative?

Answer 26

ulcerative: entamoeba histolytica | non-ulcerative: cryptosporidium

Question 27

biopsy n pt w/ cryptosporidium shows

Answer 27

basophil clusters on surface of intestinal mucosal cells

Question 28

txt for entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 28

metronidazole

Question 29

txt for asymp. entamoeba histolitica cyst passers

Answer 29

iodoquinol

Question 30

does giardia invade?

Answer 30

NO

Question 31

severe diarhea in aids is what? vs meningitis/pulm stuff in aids pt is what?

Answer 31

diarrhea: cryptosporidium (protazoa) | meningitis/pulm: cryptococcus (monomorphic yeast)

Question 32

toxoplasma gondii is assoc. w?

Answer 32

brain abcesses (ring enhancing lesions) in immunocomp pt

Question 33

congenital toxoplasmosis shows...

Answer 33

1. hydrocephalus ("wet") 2. chorioretinitis ("ret") 3. intracerebral calcification ("white") "wet, ret and white"

Question 34

txt for toxo?

Answer 34

sulfadiazine or pyrimethamine

Question 35

why should pregnant women avoid cats?

Answer 35

to avoid toxo-- oocysts = in feces

Question 36

how does one get toxo?

Answer 36

cysts = in meat or oocysts = in cat feces

Question 37

What causes rapidly fatal meningitis after swimming in fresh water lakes?

Answer 37

Naegleria fowleri | a "NALGENE FULL of fresh water Naegleria fowleri

Question 38

diagnosis of naegleria fowleri is made by

Answer 38

amoebas in spinal fluid

Question 39

txt for naegleria fowleri?

Answer 39

amphotericin

Question 40

Where is Trypanosoma gambiense found?

Answer 40

central/W africa

Question 41

Where is Trypanosoma rhodiense from?

Answer 41

S.E. Africa

Question 42

enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever (due to antigenic variation), somnolence and coma....

Answer 42

Trypanasoma brucei (gambiense or rhodesiense)

Question 43

Trypanasoma brucei (gambiense or rhodesiense) is transmited by the...

Answer 43

tse tse fly-- it hurts!

Question 44

how do you txt Trypanasoma brucei (gambiense or rhodesiense)

Answer 44

Suramin for blood-borne disease | Melarsoprol for CNS penetration

Question 45

most severe form of malaria- causes cerebral malaria?

Answer 45

M. falciparum-- daily fevers

Question 46

malaria is ALWAYS transmitted by...

Answer 46

anopheles mosquito

Question 47

cyclic fevers, HA, anemia, splenomegaly

Answer 47

malaria

Question 48

malaria w/fever every 48 hours?

Answer 48

P. vivax/ovale (fever = 1st and 3rd day)

Question 49

active form of P. vivax/ovale =? | latent form?

Answer 49

active: schizont stage where new marozoites = formed, invade more RBCs latent: hypnazoites sleep in hepatocytes

Question 50

which malaria has fevers every 72 hours?

Answer 50

P. malariae

Question 51

why is P. falciparum so bad?

Answer 51

parasitized RBCs occlude caps in brain ---> cerebral malaria, and kidney and lungs

Question 52

malaria = txt w/

Answer 52

chloroquine for active ifxn (if resistant use mefloquine) and primaquine for hepnozoite

Question 53

before txt for malaria w/ quinidine or primaquine, you need to test for...

Answer 53

G6PD defic.

Question 54

if malaria = life threatening, txt w...

Answer 54

IV quinidine

Question 55

how do you distinguish btwn malaria and babesia?

Answer 55

1. LOCATION: babesiosis = NE US, malaria = africa/malaria endemic region 2. Babesia has "maltese cross" in RBC

Question 56

person from N.E. US w/fever, hemolytic anemia w/ring form and maltese cross on RBC

Answer 56

Babesia

Question 57

Babesia often coinfects w/... bc...

Answer 57

borellia burgdorferi bc both transmitted by ixodes tick

Question 58

txt babesia w/

Answer 58

Atovaquone + azithromycin

Question 59

Which Nematodes are ingested? (3)

Answer 59

Enterobius Ascaris Trichinella - you'll get sick if you EAT these

Question 60

which nematodes are cutaneous ifxns? (3)

Answer 60

Strongyloides Ancylostoma Necatar These get into your feet from the SANd

Question 61

which tapeworm causes Vit B12 defic?

Answer 61

Diphyllobothrium latum (from fish)

Question 62

Diphyllobothrium latum is from...

Answer 62

ingesting larvae from freshwater fish

Question 63

txt diphyllobothrium latum w/

Answer 63

praziquantel

Question 64

ifxn w/echinococcus granulosus is dangerous bc....

Answer 64

causes cysts in liver which need to be removed but might cause anaphylaxis if Ag = released

Question 65

why do drs. pretreat liver cysts from echinococcus granulosus w/ethanol?

Answer 65

to kill cysts before removal so that they don't cause anaphylaxis

Question 66

how do you txt echinococcus granulosus?

Answer 66

bendazoles

Question 67

where are echinococcus eggs found?

Answer 67

dog feces

Question 68

people with dogs = at risk for

Answer 68

echinococcus granulosus

Question 69

person w/pet dog comes and has hydatid cysts in liver, lungs and brain...

Answer 69

echinococcus granulosus

Question 70

unlike Tanea solium which can travel to other areas if you ingest a cyst, taenia saginata stays in the...

Answer 70

intestine

Question 71

taenia saginata = from...

Answer 71

cestode (tapeworm) from undercooked beef

Question 72

P. falciparum = identifiable on blood smear by...

Answer 72

multiple delicate, ring-shaped intraerythrocytic orgs and crescent-shaped intraerythrocytic gametocytes