species and taxonomy

Question 1

define a hierarchy (2)

Answer 1

• smaller groups within larger groups
  -no overlap between groups

Question 2

define species (1)

Answer 2

group of organisms which can breed to produce living, fertile offspring

Question 3

explain how a phylogenetic system differs from a simple heirarchy (3)

Answer 3

• phylogenetic system shows evolutionary history
• phylogenetic system shows ancestory
• heirarchy is based on shared characteristics seen today

Question 4

during courtship vibration of wings makes a sound- this sound differs between species
explain how this prevents mating between different species (2)

Answer 4

• sound acts as a stimulus
• members only respond to species-specific sounds

Question 5

explain the principles which biologists use to classify organisms into groups (3)

Answer 5

• larger groups into smaller groups
• based on anatomy e.g. fossils
• members in a group share common features

Question 6

give four ways in which courtship behaviour increases probability of mating (4)

Answer 6

• recognition of same species
• recognition of opposite sex
  -formation of a pair bond
• synchronised mating
• indication of sexual maturity

Question 7

Describe how organisms are grouped in a phylogenetic classification system.
[2 marks]

Answer 7

1. Hierarchy (of groups) with no overlaps
2. (Grouped) according to evolutionary
   relationships/history;

Question 8

give three control measures the student must use to reduce
the risks associated with carrying and using a scalpel.

Answer 8

1. Carry with blade protected
2. Cut away from body;
3. Cut onto hard surface;
4. Use sharp blade;

Question 9

what is classification

Answer 9

the organisation of living organisms into groups

Question 10

what is artifical classification

Answer 10

divides organisms into groups of features e.g colour, number of legs

Question 11

what is phylogenetic classification

Answer 11

• organisms divided into groups based on evolutionary relationships
• classifies species into groups based on shared features derived from their ancestors
• divides organisms into heirarchy- smaller groups in larger groups with no overlap

Question 12

give the 3 examples of domains

Answer 12

bacteria
archaea
eukarya

Question 13

give the 5 kingdoms

Answer 13

animalia
plantae
protoctista
fungi
bacteria

Question 14

state the 1 thing all members of species share

Answer 14

can breed to produce fertile, living offspring

Question 15

list 3 features of a phylogenetic system of classification

Answer 15

• based on evolutionary relationships
• classifies species into groups based on shared features derived from their ancestors
• arranged in heirarchy, small groups in large groups with no overlap

Question 16

explain why species recognition is important in courtship

Answer 16

to ensure mating takes place only between same species because only they can produce fertile offspring

Question 17

what is genetic bottleneck

Answer 17

an event that causes a a big reduction in population size

Question 18

describe the founder effect

Answer 18

small number of individuals moves away from main population, populate a new area,
and found a new population