species and taxonomy Flashcards
define a hierarchy (2)
- smaller groups within larger groups
-no overlap between groups
define species (1)
group of organisms which can breed to produce living, fertile offspring
explain how a phylogenetic system differs from a simple heirarchy (3)
- phylogenetic system shows evolutionary history
- phylogenetic system shows ancestory
- heirarchy is based on shared characteristics seen today
during courtship vibration of wings makes a sound- this sound differs between species
explain how this prevents mating between different species (2)
- sound acts as a stimulus
- members only respond to species-specific sounds
explain the principles which biologists use to classify organisms into groups (3)
- larger groups into smaller groups
- based on anatomy e.g. fossils
- members in a group share common features
give four ways in which courtship behaviour increases probability of mating (4)
- recognition of same species
- recognition of opposite sex
-formation of a pair bond - synchronised mating
- indication of sexual maturity
Describe how organisms are grouped in a phylogenetic classification system.
[2 marks]
- Hierarchy (of groups) with no overlaps
- (Grouped) according to evolutionary
relationships/history;
give three control measures the student must use to reduce
the risks associated with carrying and using a scalpel.
- Carry with blade protected
- Cut away from body;
- Cut onto hard surface;
- Use sharp blade;
what is classification
the organisation of living organisms into groups
what is artifical classification
divides organisms into groups of features e.g colour, number of legs
what is phylogenetic classification
- organisms divided into groups based on evolutionary relationships
- classifies species into groups based on shared features derived from their ancestors
- divides organisms into heirarchy- smaller groups in larger groups with no overlap
give the 3 examples of domains
bacteria
archaea
eukarya
give the 5 kingdoms
animalia
plantae
protoctista
fungi
bacteria
state the 1 thing all members of species share
can breed to produce fertile, living offspring
list 3 features of a phylogenetic system of classification
- based on evolutionary relationships
- classifies species into groups based on shared features derived from their ancestors
- arranged in heirarchy, small groups in large groups with no overlap
explain why species recognition is important in courtship
to ensure mating takes place only between same species because only they can produce fertile offspring
what is genetic bottleneck
an event that causes a a big reduction in population size
describe the founder effect
small number of individuals moves away from main population, populate a new area,
and found a new population
