Specialized connective tissue

Question 1

specialized form of fibrous connective tissue

Answer 1

cartilage

Question 2

cartilage is _ and contains _ embedded in ECM that allow the exchange of nutrients and waste

Answer 2

avascular

chondrocytes

Question 3

cartilage functions

Answer 3

support soft tissues and guide the development and growth of long bones

Question 4

3 types of cartilage

Answer 4

hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

Question 5

hyaline cartilage location

Answer 5

articular ends of long bones in adults, walls of respiratory system, and the ventral ends of ribs

Question 6

hyaline cartilage matrix has homogeneous, amorphous ground substance with _aggregates and _ embedded in _

Answer 6

proteoglycan
chondronectin
type II collagen

Question 7

proteoglycan aggregates include

Answer 7

chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid

Question 8

area adjacent to chondrocytes that is poor in collagen but rich in gylcosaminoglycans

Answer 8

territorial (capsular) matrix

Question 9

territorial matrix is basophilic and metachromatic and stains more intensely with PAS stain than

Answer 9

interterritorial (intercapsular) matrix

Question 10

layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds hyaline cartilage except at articular surfaces

Answer 10

perichondrium

Question 11

perichondrium consists of

Answer 11

outer fibrous layer containing type I collage; also contains inner cellular layer containing chondrogenic cells (source of new cartilage cells)

Question 12

perichondrium provides

Answer 12

blood supply for the avascular cartilage

Question 13

mature cartilage cells embedded in lacunae in the matrix

Answer 13

chondrocytes

Question 14

chondrocytes arise from _ into _, which produce cartilage matrix

Answer 14

chondrogenic cells

chondroblasts

Question 15

officially called chondrocytes when

Answer 15

the cells are totally surrounded by matrix

Question 16

chondrocytes may occur in groups of 2-8 cells called

Answer 16

isogenous groups

Question 17

elastic cartilage has perichondrium like hyaline cartilage; matrix contains

Answer 17

network of elastic fibers (gives a yellowish color)

Question 18

elastic cartilage is located

Answer 18

where flexible support is required (external ear, Eustachain tube, epiglottis)

Question 19

fibrocartilage has no

Answer 19

perichondrium

Question 20

fibrocartilage has properties

Answer 20

between dense connective tissue and hyaline cartilage

Question 21

fibrocartilage has thick bundles of

Answer 21

type I collagen fibers

Question 22

fibrocartilage is found

Answer 22

where support and tensile strength are needed with hyaline cartilage or fibrous tissues

Question 23

fibrocartilage is commonly found at

Answer 23

articular disks

Question 24

fibrocartilage is easily confused with

Answer 24

dense regular connective tissues

Question 25

_ is aspecialized connective tissue with a _ ECM with osteocytes

Answer 25

bone | calcified

Question 26

bone has _% of body calcium

Answer 26

99

Question 27

bone is a dynamic tissue

Answer 27

undergoes shape change and absorption/reabsorption

Question 28

bone matrix inorganic (calcified) portion is made of

Answer 28

calcium phosphate, bicarbonate, citrate, magnesium, potassium, and sodium

Question 29

bone matrix consists primarily of

Answer 29

hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 30

bone matrix organic portion is made primarily of

Answer 30

type I collagen

Question 31

ground substance of organic portion of bone matrix contains

Answer 31

chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate

Question 32

(immature, woven bone): first bone formed in fetal development and bone repair

Answer 32

primary bone

Question 33

(mature, lamellar bone)

Answer 33

secondary bone

Question 34

secondary bone has 2 types

Answer 34

compact bone (dense, outer portion) and spongy bone (interior meshwork of trabeculae)

Question 35

compact bone is organized with _ below the periosteum and _ adjacent to the marrow cavity

Answer 35

outer circumferential lamellae | inner circumferential lamellae

Question 36

rest of bone is organized around

Answer 36

Haversian canal systems (osteons)

Question 37

osteons are connected to each other by

Answer 37

Volkmann's canals

Question 38

layers of noncalcified CT covering bone on external surfaces

Answer 38

bone periosteum

Question 39

bone periosteum has a _ inner layer

Answer 39

cellular (osteogenic)

Question 40

_ attach the periosteum to the bone

Answer 40

Sharpey's fibers (type I collagen)

Question 41

bone periosteum distributes _ to bone

Answer 41

blood vessels

Question 42

thin specialized connective tissue

Answer 42

endosteum

Question 43

endosteum function

Answer 43

lines marrow cavities and is a source of osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts for bone growth and repair

Question 44

inner layer of periosteum and endosteal cells that line marrow cavity; can differentiate into ostoblasts

Answer 44

osteoprogenitor cells

Question 45

secretes collagen and ground substance and osteoid (unmineralized bone)

Answer 45

osteoblast

Question 46

osteoid regulates

Answer 46

mineralization of bone

Question 47

maintain bone matrix by being able to synthesize and resorb matrix; reside in lacuna; communicate with other osteocytes and osteoblasts via processes that extend through canaliculi

Answer 47

osteocyte

Question 48

multinucleated cell that can actively resorb bone and is acidophilic

Answer 48

osteoclast

Question 49

depression in bone created by osteoclast; cell seals off area, acidifies and secretes acid hydrolases to resorb bone

Answer 49

Howship's lacuna

Question 50

decrease in bone mass

Answer 50

osteoporosis (occurs primarily in old age)

Question 51

due to calcium deficiency in adults

Answer 51

osteomalacia (may be severe in pregnancy)

Question 52

osteomalacia is characterized by _ of newly formed bone and _ of calcified bone

Answer 52

deficient calcification | decalcification

Question 53

bone remodeling is not functioning properly leading to enlarged, brittle bone

Answer 53

Paget's disease: osteitis deformans

Question 54

osteomalacia in children is called _; characterized by deficient calcification in newly formed bone

Answer 54

rickets

Question 55

excess pituitary growth hormone in adults leading to very thick bones in the extremities and facial skeleton

Answer 55

acromegaly