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Histology exam 2 > Circulatory system > Flashcards

Circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

large blood vessels all have 3 common layers

A

tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia

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2
Q

large vessels have other smaller vessels called _ that branch through adventitia

A

vasa vasorum

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3
Q

what has more vasa vasorum

A

veins

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4
Q

larger vessels may have lymphatic vessels and nerves called _ in adventitia

A

nervi vascularis

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5
Q

described as endothelium and underlying subendothelial connective tissue; has internal elastic lamina too

A

tunica intima

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6
Q

described as primarily smooth muscle cells and also external elastic lamina

A

tunica media

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7
Q

described as fibroelastic connective tissue (dense irregular CT with small amounts of elastic fibers)

A

tunica adventitia

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8
Q

arteries are classified as large _, medium _, and small _

A

elastic
muscular
arterioles

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9
Q

what type of artery conducts blood to muscular arteries

A

elastic (conducting) artery

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10
Q

elastic fibers of intima from an

A

incomplete internal elastic lamina

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11
Q

elastic arteries have _ media and _ adventitia while no distinct _ and an incomplete _

A

thick
thin
external elastic lamina
internal elastic lamina

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12
Q

what type of artery delivers blood to organs

A

muscular (distributing)

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13
Q

muscular arteries have a _ intima with _

A

thin

well-developed internal elastic lamina

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14
Q

muscular arteries have a _ external elastic lamina

A

thick

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15
Q

how many layers of endothelial cells are capillaries

A

one

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16
Q

capillaries are surrounded by a thin sheath of reticular and collagenous fibers and some _, which are

A

pericytes

mesenchymal-like stem cells (can become fibroblasts or smooth muscle cells)

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17
Q

what type of capillary has continuous endothelium and basal lamina

A

continuous

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18
Q

continuous capillaries have _

A

no fenestrae

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19
Q

continuous capillaries are found

A

in muscle, connective tissue, CNS, exocrine pancreas, and gonads

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20
Q

in the CNS, continuous capillaries have a type of _ that contributes to _

A

tight junction

blood-brain barrier

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21
Q

fenestrated capillaries are located in the

A

mucosa of GI tract, endocrine glands, renal glomerular and peritubular capillaries, choroid plexus, and ciliary body

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22
Q

fenestrated endothelium in the glomerular capillaries have _

A

no diaphgrams

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23
Q

discontinuous (sinusoidal) capillaries are found in

A

liver and hemopoeietic organs such as bone marrow and spleen (know all of these)

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24
Q

discontinuous capillaries have _ basal lamina and wide gaps between cells

A

incomplete

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25
what receives blood from capillaries
postcapillary venules
26
postcapillary venules have an _ layer of pericytes
incomplete
27
postcapillary venules are an important site of
activity in inflammation
28
veins start as
venules
29
vein intima consists of
endothelial cells
30
vein media consists of
1-2 layers of smooth muscle
31
what type of venule has 1-2 layers of smooth muscle and thin adventitia; no pericytes
muscular venules
32
intima of small to medium size veins are how big
1-9 mm diameter
33
intima of small to medium size veins consists of
thin subendothelial connective tissue layer
34
superior and inferior vena cava and portal trunk are examples of
large veins
35
large veins have _ with
thick adventitia (collagenous fibers and longitudinal arranged smooth muscle cells)
36
venous valves prevent _ blood flow; valves are usually in _ to _ size veins; valves are paired _ folds of the intima covered with endothelium
retrograde small to medium semilunar folds
37
arteriovenous anastomoses have a specialized tunica media with a sphincter; when this shunt is closed what happens
arterial blood flows into the capillary bed
38
when the arteriovenous anastomoses shunt is opened what happens
blood bypasses the capillary bed and flows into a vein
39
some microvascular beds have a _ sphincter, which controls the amount of blood flowing into the capillary
precapillary
40
_ in the intestine are an important route of fat absorption
lacteals
41
lacteals are an _ lined vessel; lymph only flows in one direction; towards the base of the neck
endothelial
42
lympathic vessels originate in connective tissue as
anastomosing capillaries
43
lymphatic capillaries have no
basal lamina
44
CNS and bone have no
lymphatic system
45
lympathic vessels can be held open by
fine anchoring filaments attached to perivascular collagen
46
skeletal muscle has lymphatics only in
perimysium
47
foam cell (lipid laden macrophage) formation and fatty deposits in intima may block vessel
atherosclerosis
48
smooth muscle cell proliferation that follows angioplasty procedure; may occlude vessel
restenosis
49
ballooning out of artery causing weakness in the arterial wall
aneurysm
50
tortuous, dilated veins, primarily in legs of older persons; caused by decrease in muscle tone and failure of venous valves
varicose veins
51
atheroma formation eventually leads to
calcification
52
endothelial cells play a
regulatory role
53
endothelial cells produce _ from arachidonic acid; what does this product do
prostacyclin that inhibits platelet adhesion and clot formation
54
endothelial cells secrete _ that causes smooth muscle in the t. media to relax = vasodilation
nitric oxide
55
endothelial cells also secrete _ that is a vasoconstrictor
endothelin-1
56
endothelial cells regulate the traffic of
inflammatory cells
57
mother's circulatory system does not exchange blood with the fetus, only materials carried in the blood; exchange occurs at the interface of what
umbilical cord fusing with the uterine walls (placenta)
58
the fetal side (syntrophoblast) consists of an outer layer of
multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts
59
heart has 3 layers homologous to the 3 tunics of blood vessels
intima: endocardium media: myocardium adventitia: epicardium
60
Endocardium is lined by
endothelium that is continuous with blood vessels that enter and leave the heart
61
endocardium has a _ of fine collagenous fibers, a thin layer of dense _ connective tissue, and then a subendocardial layer of loose connective tissue connected to the myocardium
subendothelial layer | fibroelastic
62
subendocardial CT contains
blood vessels, nerves, and Purkinje fibers
63
in the ventricles, the myocardium is arranged into _ and _ layers
deep | superficial
64
_ myocardial layer has a spiral course around the ventricle
superficial
65
_ myocardial layer has a circular course around the ventricles
deep
66
the outermost coat of epicardium is formed by
mesothelial cells (note that the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is epicardial mesothelium)
67
underneath mesothelium of epicardium is loose CT and adipose tissue, which contains
the coronary blood vessels and nerves (adipose tissue contains these)
68
fibrous skeleton of heart is composed of
dense irregular connective tissue
69
fibrous portion of the interventricular septum
septum membranaceum
70
fibrous rings around the origins of the pulmonary artery, aorta, and atrioventricular canals
annuli fibrosi
71
fibrous tissue between the arterial foramina and the atrioventricular canals
trigona fibrosa
72
electrical continuity between myocardial cells of atria and ventricles controlled by specialized conduction tissue
A-V bundle
73
SA node fires and then
action potentials spread through atria
74
AV node fires and then
impulses go along conducting fibers
75
atrioventricular valves are
tricuspid and mitral valves
76
AV valves are connected to papillary muscles of the ventricles by fibrous cords called
chordae tendineae
77
semilunar valves exist between
ventricles and aorta and pulmonary artery
78
valves have both _ and _ layers surrounded by endothelium
dense and smooth CT layers
79
SA node is the _ of the heart
pacemaker
80
SA node contains _
modified cardiac muscle cells
81
AV node forms a common stem called the
AV bundle of His
82
AV bundle of His if formed by _ that are made of
Purkinje fibers | modified muscle cells filled with glycogen (important)
83
what is the source of polypeptide hormones
atrial cardiac muscle cells
84
what is released from modified atrial muscle cells in response to high blood pressure with the purpose to increase sodium and water secretion from kidney
atrial natriuretic peptide

Histology exam 2 (6 decks)

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