Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology exam 2 > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

1
Q

Integument functions (5)

A

protections, thermoregulation, sensory organ, metabolic (Vitamin D synthesis), excretion (water, salt, and nitrogenous waste)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Generally has 3 types

A

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

thick skin is usually found on

A

palms of hand and soles of feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

thick skin has no

A

hair follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

thin skin is found on

A

skin other than palms and soles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

thin skin has

A

hair follicles and thinner epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

epidermis has stratified squamous epithelial cells called

A

keratinocytes (produce keratin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Types of epidermis (5) all start with stratum

A

basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

stratum basale has numerous intermediate filaments called _; _ bind cells to basal lamina

A

tonofilaments

hemidesmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

stratum spinosum has fibrillar protein called _ that aggregates to form _

A

cytokeratin

tonofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stratum basale and spinosum also have

A

mitotic figures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

stratum granulosum cytoplasm has basophilic _

A

keratohyaline granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

stratum granulosum cells also have oval or rod-like _

A

lamellar granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

lamellar granules are formed by lipid bilayers which fuse with cell membranes and _

A

discharge contents into intercellular spaces of the S. granulosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the product of the lamellar granules and its discharge contents is

A

glycolipid called acylglucoceramide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

purpose of acylglucoceramide

A

penetration barrier to foreign materials and to maintain hydration of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

stratum lucidum is only in

A

thick skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

stratum lucidum has no organelles or nuclei evident; cells contain eleidin, which is a

A

transformation product that becomes keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

stratum corneum has what kind of cells

A

dead flattened cells called squames

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

if epidermis is injured, surrounding _ cells _ and _ to cover the wound

A

basal
migrate
divide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is needed for proper skin healing

A

retinol (vitamin A) because it’s needed for keratinocyte differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

first degree burns extend to

A

S. lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

2nd degree burns extend to

A

S. basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

3rd degree burns extend to

A

dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

lipids from lamellar bodies are linked to protein in the cell membrane called

A

involucrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

_ protein aggregates keratin filaments

A

filaggrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

pigment producing cells of S. basale derived from neural crest

A

melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

melanocytes distribute _ to other cells and hair via _

A

melanin

cytocrine secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

melanin formation occurs within

A

melanosomes (Derived from Golgi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what enzyme is needed for melanin synthesis

A

tyrosinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

lack of cortisol from the adrenal cortex causes overproduction of ACTH leading to

A

Addison’s disease (increased skin pigmentation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

(likely unnecessary) melanin is produced by oxidation of _ to _ and then transformed into melanin

A

tyrosine

dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

melanocyte cytoplasm is _ than neighboring keratinocytes

A

less dense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

star-shaped cells mainly in S. spinosum

A

Langerhans’ cells (epithelial dendritic cells)

35
Q

Langerhans’ cells are derived from what

A

bone marrow (macrophage lineage)

36
Q

Langerhans’ cells can migrate out of epidermis to lymph nodes and _ to T cells and differentiate into activated dendritic cells

A

present antigens

37
Q

do Langerhans’ cells form desmosomal attachments with other cells

A

no

38
Q

Langerhans’ cells have unique membrane-bound, rod-like to racquet shaped granuales called

A

vermiform granules

39
Q

Merkel’s cells are tactile epitheloid cells found primarily in

A

thick skin of palms and soles

40
Q

Merkel’s cells cytoplasm has

A

small dense granules

41
Q

Merkel’s cell is involved in

A

2-point touch discrimination

42
Q

Merkel’s cells are in contact with the peripheral neuron terminal and can become _

A

cancerous

43
Q

dermis supports _ and binds it to the _

A

epidermis

hypodermis

44
Q

dermis interacts with epidermis via

A

dermal papillae

45
Q

epidermal counterpart to dermal papilla is called

A

epidermal ridges or rete ridges

46
Q

dermis binds to the epidermis via _ that extend from the basal lamina and terminate in _

A

anchoring fibrils

anchoring plaques

47
Q

outermost layer of dermis is called the _ and is _ connective tissue

A

papillary layer
loose
(papillary layer may have fibroblasts, mast cells, and macrophages)

48
Q

_ layer of dermis is composed of

A

reticular layer

dense irregular connective tissue

49
Q

dermis has follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, and nerves; its extensive capillary network in the papillary layer functions in

A

thermoregulation

50
Q

deeper continuation of the dermis is called

A

hypodermis

51
Q

hypodermis is primarily what kinds of tissue

A

loose connective tissue and adipose tissue

52
Q

what is found near dermis-hypodermis junction

A

Pacinian corpuscles (pressure/vibration sensors)

53
Q

invagination of epidermis is called a

A

hair follicle

54
Q

hair follicle terminates in

A

hair bulb

55
Q

_ projects into hair bulb

A

dermal papilla

56
Q

epidermal cells covering the dermal papilla form the

A

hair root

57
Q

cells at the apex of the dermal papilla produce large, vacuolated, moderately keratinized cells that form the

A

hair medulla

58
Q

other cells around the papilla differentiate into fusiform, heavily keratinized cells that form the

A

hair cortex

59
Q

cells more peripheral in the hair root produce the

A

hair cuticle

60
Q

most peripheral root cells produce the

A

internal and external root sheath

61
Q

hair follicle separated from the dermis by a thickened basal lamina called the

A

glassy membrane

62
Q

smooth muscle bundles extending from dermis papillary layer to hair follicle connective tissues sheath are

A

arrector pili muscles

63
Q

sebaceous glands are not found in thick skin; sebaceous glands what type of gland

A

holocrine

64
Q

dead cells and cell contents of sebaceous glands are called

A

sebum

65
Q

sudoriferous (sweat) glands are what type of gland

A

eccrine (merocrine)

66
Q

sweat glands contain 3 types of cells

A 
myoepithelial cells (contractile)
dark cells (pyramidal cells)
clear cells (abundant glycogen but no secretory granules)
67
Q

dark cells secrete _ while clear cells secrete _ into intercellular canaliculi

A

glycoproteins

water and electrolytes

68
Q

sweat glands have a non-viscous secretion and is considered an

A

ultrafiltrate of plasma

69
Q

apocrine glands have only one kind of secretory cell that produces a viscous protein containing secretion; apocrine sweat glands have what kind of secretion

A

merocrine

70
Q

plates of keratinized epithelial cells

A

nails

71
Q

_ is embedded in fold of skin

A

nail root

72
Q

the stratum corneum of the epithelium over the nail root forms the

A

eponychium (cutile)

73
Q

_ rests on a bed of epidermis called the _

A

nail plate

nail bed

74
Q

nail bed contains what

A

only S. basale and S. spinosum

75
Q

the nail matrix extends from the nail root to the

A

lunula (white crescent and the base of the nail)

76
Q

little melanin production and vision problems

A

albinism

77
Q

melanocytes are destroyed-patchy pigmentation

A

vitiligo

78
Q

freckle due to being in sun

A

liver spots (not liver related)

79
Q

actinic keratosis is

A

pre skin cancerous condition where an individual has thick scaly patches of skin

80
Q

slow growing and treatable kind of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma

81
Q

skin cancer that develops from sun damaged areas

A

squamous cell carcinoma

82
Q

skin cancer derived from melanocytes

A

malignant melanoma

83
Q

immune-mediated, genetic disease where an individual has red scaly patches of skin due to inflammation and hyperplasia; individuals may have joint problems

A

psoriasis

Histology exam 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions