Speciality: Ears, Nose and Throat Flashcards
1
Q
Otosclerosis
- Causes
- Presentation
- Ix
- Rx
A
- AD inherited. Deafness due to fixation of the stapes on the oval window.
- Typically affects young adults.
- Conductive deafness
- Tinnitus
- Normal tympanic membrane
- FHx - Clinical
- Hearing aid
- Stapedectomy
2
Q
Viral labyrinthitis Vs vestibular neuronitis
A
VL - Recent viral infection. Sudden. N&V. Hearing affected.
VN - Recent viral infection. Sudden. Hearing spared.
3
Q
Nasal polyps
- Causes
- Presentation
- Ix
- Rx
A
- associated w/ Asthma, aspirin sensitivity, infective sinusitis, CF, kartagener’s syn, churg-strauss syn.
- Nasal obstruction
- sneezing
- poor sense of smell and taste. - Endoscopic investigation.
- ENT referral
- Topical/inhaled steroids can reduce size by 80%
- Urgent ENT referral if unilateral. Red flag for nasopharyngeal Ca.
4
Q
Cholesteatoma;
- Causes
- Presentation
- Ix
- Rx
A
- Non-cancerous growth of squamous epithelium trapped in the skull base causing local destruction.
- 10-20yo
- Cleft palate association.
- Foul-smelling non-resolving discharge
- Hearing loss
- Vertigo - Otoscopy - attic crust
- ENT ?Surgical removal
5
Q
Neck Lumps
A
- Lymphadenopathy
- Lymphoma
- Thyroid swelling
- Thyroglossal cyst
- Pharyngeal pouch
- Cystic hygroma
- Branchial cyst
- Carotid aneurysm
6
Q
Reactive cervical lymphadenopathy
A
- Neck lump
- Common
- Hx of local or systemic infection.
7
Q
Lymphoma
A
- Rubbery, painless node
- Pain when drinking alcohol
- B symptoms
8
Q
Thyroid Swelling
A
- Mid line
- Moves upwards when swallowing
- Hx or Sx of thyroid disease
9
Q
Thyroglossal cyst
A
- Patient <20yo
- Midline between the isthmus of the thyroid and the hyoid bone.
- Moves upwards w/ protrusion of the tongue
10
Q
Pharyngeal pouch
A
- Older men
- Herniation between the thryopharyngeus and cricopharynxgeus muscles.
- Midline lump if large.
- Dysphagia, regurgitation, bad breath etc.
11
Q
Cystic hygroma
A
- Congenital lesion
- L sided neck.
- Often presents in kid hood.
12
Q
Branchial cyst
A
- Oval, mobile cyst which develops between the SCM and pharynx.
- Present from early adulthood.
13
Q
Nasopharyngeal Ca
A
- often occult primary, presents w/ mets.
- More common in asian people.
- Presents w/ epistaxis, headaches, lymph node mets and hearing loss.
14
Q
laryngeal Ca
A
- People aged 45yo and older w/ persistent hoarseness of voice or unexplained neck lump.
15
Q
Oral Ca
A
- Unexplained ulceration in the oral cavity lasting for 3 or more weeks.
- Persistent lump in the neck.
- Lumo
- Red or red and white patch.
